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The stage of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis: correlation with the clinicopathological findings among Iraqi patients
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Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality among women in Iraq forming 23% of cancer related deaths. The low survival from the disease is a direct consequence to the advanced stages at diagnoses. Aim: To document the composite stage of breast cancer among Iraqi patients at the time of diagnosis; correlating the observed findings with other clinical and pathological parameters at presentation. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study enrolling the clinical and pathological characteristics of 603 Iraqi female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The composite stage of breast cancer was determined according to UICC TNM Classification System of Breast Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging. The studied parameters comprised age of the patient, stage of the disease, marital and educational status, history of lactation and hormonal intake (for a minimum period of 6 months), family history of breast or any other cancer, the effected breast side, hormone (Estrogen and Progesterone) receptor (ER, PR) and Her2 contents of the primary cancer. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the recorded composite stages at diagnosis with the corresponding clinical and pathological data utilizing SPSS version 16.0 statistical program. Results: Out of 603 patients, seven (1.2%) had ductal carcinoma in situ (Stage 0). Stages I, II and III and IV were documented in 9.5%, 47.1%, 33.2% and 9.1% of the patients at the time of diagnoses. Overall 70.8% of patients presented in the age group (40-59 years), 79.3% were married and 32.2% were highly educated. History of lactation, hormonal intake, family breast cancer and contralateral breast involvement was observed in 73.4%, 26.5%, 20.2% and 6.5% respectively. No correlation was elicited between the stage of breast cancer and the age of the patients, history of lactation or contralateral breast involvement. On the other hand, significant associations were demonstrated with respect to the marital and educational status, history of hormonal intake and breast cancer in the family. Immuno-histochemical evaluation revealed ER+PR+Her2+ (Triple Positive/Luminal B), ER-PR-Her2- (Triple Negative), ER+PR+Her2- (Luminal A) and ER-PR-Her2+ (Her2) subtypes in 13.4%, 11.8%, 48.2% and 9.8% of the examined breast samples respectively. When correlating the composite stage at diagnosing breast cancer with the corresponding subtypes the relationship was highly significant at p<0.01. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study reports a regression in Stage IV breast cancer at the time of initial presentation among Iraqi patients specifically in those with family history of the disease; pointing out to the fruitful outputs of initiating the National Program for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in the country. Further professional efforts, endorsed by practical policy decisions, are recommended to down stage breast cancer through promoting evidence based protocol guidelines and adopting comprehensive well designed diagnostic, screening and cancer control strategies.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2022
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Chemical Society Of Ethiopia
Synthesis, characterization, theoretical study and biological evaluation of Schiff base and their La(III), Ce(IV) and UO2(II) complexes
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ABSTRACT. A new three metal complexes of La(III), Ce(IV) and UO2(II) ions have been synthesized based on a Schiff base derived from the condensation of L-histidine and anisaldehyde. All prepared compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The complexes were proposed to have an octahedral structure based on the investigated results. The optimized shape, numbering system, and dipole moment vector of Ligand and La, Ce, and UO2 (1:1) chelates were investigated. The Schiff base ligand and complexes exhibit moderate action against all of the bacteria tested, with P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp., and E. faecalis respectively being the order of inhibition.  

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Liquids
Corrosion inhibition behavior of expired diclofenac Sodium drug for Al 6061 alloy in aqueous media: Electrochemical, morphological, and theoretical investigations
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The behavior corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloy (Al6061) in acidic (0.1 M HCl) and saline (3.5% NaCl) solutions was investigated in the absence and the presence of expired diclofenac sodium drug (DSD) as a corrosion inhibitor. The influence of temperature and was studied using electrochemical techniques. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology. The results showed that DSD acted as a powerful inhibitor in acidic solutions, while a moderate influence was observed with saline one. Maximum inhibition efficiency was 99.99 and 83.32% in acidic and saline solutions at 150 ppm of DSD, respectively. Corrosion current density that obtained using electrochemical technique was increased with temperat

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 06 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Impact of Osteocalcin Level on Vascular Calcification in Type 2 Diabetics in Relation to Fibroblast Growth Factor-23(FGF-23)
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The present study aimed to assess the potential impact of serum concentration of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (the active form of osteocalcin) and fibroblast growth factor-23 on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetics with carotid artery calcification and the possible association with metabolic changes in relation to glucose and minerals homeostasis.

This study included 52 men with carotid artery calcification type 2 diabetes mellitus. These patients were categorized; as follows: group A includes 30 patients who had cardiovascular disease and group B includes 22 patients who had no cardiovascular disease. These groups were compared with 25 apparently healthy control (Group C). 

It has been shown

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 02 2016
Journal Name
Bioremediation Journal
Kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium biosorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) using dead mushroom biomass under batch experiment
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In this study, a low-cost biosorbent, dead mushroom biomass (DMB) granules, was used for investigating the optimum conditions of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) biosorption from aqueous solutions. Various physicochemical parameters, such as initial metal ion concentration, equilibrium time, pH value, agitation speed, particles diameter, and adsorbent dosage, were studied. Five mathematical models describing the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were tested to find the maximum uptake capacities: Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, and Khan models. The best fit to the Pb(II) and Ni(II) biosorption results was obtained by Langmuir model with maximum uptake capacities of 44.67 and 29.17 mg/g for these two ions, respectively, w

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide nanorods coated by graphene oxide ZnO-NR@GO as a potential hybrid material photocatalyst
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Hybrid architecture of ZnO nanorods/graphene oxide ZnO-NRs@GO synthesized by electrostatic self-assembly methods. The morphological, optical and luminescence characteristics of ZnO-NRs@GO and ZnO-NRs thin films have been described by FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, and AFM, which refers to graphene oxide have been coated ZnO-NRs with five layers. Here we synthesis ZnO-NRs@GO by simple, cheap and environmentally friendly method, which made it favorable for huge -scale preparation in many applications such as photocatalyst. ZnO-NRs@GO was applied as a photocatalyst Rodamin 6 G (R6G) dye from water using 532 nm diode laser-induced photocatalytic process. Overall degradation of R6G/ ZnO-NRs@GO was achieved after 90 minutes of laser irradiation while it ne

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2010
Journal Name
International Journal Of Poultry Science
Effect of n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acid Supplemented Diets on Semen Quality in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Energy Storage
Novel multi-lobed tube designs for efficient latent thermal energy storage: A comprehensive study of single and dual-tube configurations
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Publication Date
Thu May 01 2025
Journal Name
Case Studies In Thermal Engineering
Innovative pipe profile configurations for fast charging of phase change material in compact thermal storage systems for building heating applications
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 31 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Earth Science (injes)
Overpressure and Under-Compaction Mechanism Effect on Pore and Fracture Pressure Development of Mauddud Formation, Badra Oil Field, Eastern Iraq
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Accurate pore and fracture pressure detection is a major step in successful drilling operations design. The overestimation of these parameters absolutely leads to serious problems throughout and after well drilling. This study is concerned with the characterization and analysis of the most significant diagenetic processes that degrade or improve the reservoir characteristics of the Mauddud Formation in the Badra oil field. The primary goal of this research is to estimate the pore pressure and fracture pressure using well logging data by Techlog 2015 software in order to assess the impact on the estimation of the mud weight window (MWW). The estimated values of formation pressures are then analyzed according to different diagenetic p

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Publication Date
Fri May 29 2026
Journal Name
Analytical Methods In Environmental Chemistry Journal
A review of comparative analytical methods for β-lactam antibiotics and heavy metals in pharmaceutical products and human biological matrices
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A review of comparative analytical methods for β-lactam antibiotics and heavy metals in pharmaceutical products and human biological matrices