Our study aimed to determine salivary irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6 levels in gingivitis and periodontitis patients, compare them with healthy periodontal patients, and evaluate the association between these biomarkers.

Ninety participants were involved in this case-control study: 30 patients diagnosed with periodontitis (P), 30 patients with gingivitis (G), and 30 periodontally healthy subjects (control; C). The periodontal clinical parameters were documented. The ELISA test examined irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6 saliva levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS (V.29).

Irisin significantly decreased in gingivitis and periodontitis compared to the control group ( p  < 0.05). In contrast, gingivitis and periodontitis reported elevated levels of visfatin and interleukin-6 compared to the control group ( p  < 0.05). Visfatin levels did not significantly change between gingivitis and periodontitis ( p  > 0.05). All periodontal clinical measures showed a significant negative association with irisin ( p  < 0.05), except plaque index in the gingivitis group. At the same time, visfatin and interleukin-6 showed significant positive relationships with all clinical periodontal markers ( p  < 0.05).

Salivary irisin levels were reduced in individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis, whereas visfatin and interleukin-6 levels were elevated. These biomarkers may predict susceptibility to periodontal disease.