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IRhAiJQBVTCNdQwCMhzX
Using cryotherapy, <scp>EMLA</scp> (eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine) cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain during arteriovenous fistula puncture: A randomized controlled trial
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Abstract<sec><title>Introduction

In hemodialysis patients, pain associated with needle insertion into an arteriovenous fistula is a physical and psychological problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pre‐puncture application of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain associated with access puncture.

Methods

This was a multicenter study done in nine hemodialysis centers in Iraq. The study utilized a randomized, parallel‐group design, in which patients being dialyzed using an arteriovenous access were allocated into one of four groups. Access puncture was preceded by nothing (control group), by use of ice pack cooling at the puncture site, by application of EMLA cream, or by application of lidocaine spray. Pain after access puncture was assessed during a single treatment for each patient. Pain was quantified using a Visual Analogue Scale.

Findings

A total of 1548 patients agreed to participate, and 1041 patients were included in the data analysis. Use of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray each was associated with a lower pain score on access puncture compared with no pretreatment. The mean Visual Analogue Scores in the four groups were: 69.7 ± 15.7 in the controls, 39.8 ± 13.2 in the ice pack group, 45 ± 18.4 in the EMLA group, and 52.9 ± 15.2 in lidocaine group. Ranking of the pain severity scores suggested that ice pack use was associated with the least pain, followed by use of EMLA cream and use of lidocaine spray (severity score ranking, from lowest to highest, being 1.62, 2.18, and 2.63, respectively).

Discussion

Application of an ice pack prior to vascular access puncture is a fast and inexpensive technique to limit pain associated with this procedure.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Classification of Arabic Alphabets Using a Combination of a Convolutional Neural Network and the Morphological Gradient Method
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The field of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the process of converting an image of text into a machine-readable text format. The classification of Arabic manuscripts in general is part of this field. In recent years, the processing of Arabian image databases by deep learning architectures has experienced a remarkable development. However, this remains insufficient to satisfy the enormous wealth of Arabic manuscripts. In this research, a deep learning architecture is used to address the issue of classifying Arabic letters written by hand. The method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture as a self-extractor and classifier. Considering the nature of the dataset images (binary images), the contours of the alphabet

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Capability to a chive An Effective Marketing Performance In Banks: applied Study in a sample of Iraqi Banks
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The marketing of banking service is considered to be one of the impotent fields which showed a universal inebriates . He research showed the comparison between the application of marketing in ideas and application for loot government and private Iraqi bank. The research comets of four parts; Mythology / the concept and the importance of Banking Marketing / Research applichlion/ Conelnion and  recommendation.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
How to build a virtual personal imagined in the picture, directed by James Cameron (Avatar) movie as a model
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The personal drama in particular, and one of the key elements underlying the dramatic structure to convey ideas and visions presented by the author when writing the text of the dramatic fall after that on the way out the submission form that suits the proposals of the text and processors directorial would push the wheel of dramatic structure to the front. So take the maker of the artwork (writer) undertook the transfer of those events and personalities in art presumed sometimes real and sometimes, in order to enrich the art inspired by the human reality through the ages, and full of its themes and ideas that led to the development experiences of peoples experiences of living. Therefore, we find it important to research in the characters

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 14 2021
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE SOME POTENTIAL RISK INDICATORS ON OSSEOINTEGRATED DENTAL IMPLANTS IN A SAMPLE OF IRAQI PATIENTS
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Determining risk indicators for dental implants is an essential strategy for preventing peri-implant diseases and effective diagnosis of dental implant success. To investigate the impact of certain potential factors on the osseointegrated dental implant. Eighty-four individuals were included in our study, 50 cases as a patient’s group and 34 participants as a control group. All cases were diagnosed based on certain criteria, 30 (60%) of patients had peri-implantitis, 20 (40%) with severe periimplantitis, 36(72%) were generalized, and 15 (30%) as localized peri-implantitis cases. The study has indicated that 44.7% of dental implants were in the anterior maxilla, followed by (27.3%) posterior maxilla, (17.4%) posterior mandible, and (10.4%)

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 25 2022
Journal Name
Al-mağallaẗ Al-šāmilaẗ Li-l-ḥuqūq
The Intent to Harm Others as a Form of Abuse of Rights – A Study in Light of U.S. Law
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In a world of limited space, the owners are always surrounded by others next to them, and, consequently, there is hardly any activity which the owner may exercise on his land which would not affect the other owners. If he builds a building, that building may block the sun's rays or the air from the buildings next to it and owned by other people. And if he runs a business, the lands adjacent to that business may be overburdened with the accompanying noise or traffic. If oil is prospected in a land, the neighboring lands may be deprived of oil or their owners may be exposed to toxic fumes. Hence the importance of researching the intention of harming others, as it is one of the most important forms of abuse in the use of the right (especially

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah Journal Of Science
Encrypting a Text by Using Affine Cipher and Hiding it in the Colored Image by Using the Quantization stage
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ST Alawi, NA Mustafa, Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science, 2013

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A Study of Person Deixis in J. M. Singe's Riders to the Sea
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This study deals with an important area in the field of linguistics, namely person deixis.
The study aims at: (1) Describing the notion of deixis, its importance, and its place in the field
of linguistics, (2) Presenting a detailed illustration of person deixis, and (3) Conducting an
analysis of person deixis in one of Synge‟s plays Riders to The Sea according to Levinson‟s
model. The most important aim of these three is the third one (the analysis). To achieve this
aim, the researcher depends on Levinson‟s (1983) descriptive approach. According to the
descriptive approach of deixis, the category of person deixis can be defined as the encoding of
the participant roles in the speech situation. This encoding is r

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 07 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Language Studies
A Sociolinguistic Study of Selected Iraqi-Arabic Dialects with Reference to TV Series
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The dramatic series on television have a great impact on people’sattitudes towards dialects of language varieties, by relating theconceptual pictures or prototypes presented by series’ characters tothose dialects. This study aims to show the influence of TV series onIraqi university learners’ gender and age in relating positive ornegative semantic qualities to their dialects. To this end, 150 Iraqi EFLlearners have participated in this study to examine their attitudestowards Baghdadi, Mousli and Nasiriya dialects. The data arecollected by Lambert, Hodgson, Gardner, Fillenbaum's (1960)matched guise technique and then labeled by Willmorth’s (1988)subjective reaction test. A structured interview is conducted to supportthe data

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 06 2011
Journal Name
Fes Journal Of Engineering Sciences
Derivation of a New Equation to Obtain the Permeability Coefficient of Clayey Soils
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The main objective of this research is to find the coefficient of permeability (k) of the soil and especially clayey soil by finding the degree of consolidation (rate of consolidation). New modify procedure is proposed by using the odometer (consolidation) device. The ordinary conventional permeability test usually takes a long time by preparing and by testing and this could cause some problems especially if there is a need to do a large number of this test and there were a limited number of technicians and/or apparatus. From this point of view the importance of this research is clear, since the modified procedure will require a time of 25 minute only. Derivation made to produce an equation which could be used to fined the permeabi

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A Stylistic Study of Cohesion in Relation to Narrative Techniques in Religious Discourse
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Cohesion is well known as the study of the relationships, whether grammatical and/or lexical, between the different elements of a particular text by the use of what are commonly called 'cohesive devices'. These devices bring connectivity and bind a text together. Besides, the nature and the amount of such cohesive devices usually affect the understanding of that text in the sense of making it easier to comprehend.  The present study is intendedto examine the use of grammatical cohesive devicesin relation to narrative techniques. The story of Joseph from the Holy Quran has been selected to be examined by using Halliday and Hasan's Model of Cohesion (1976, 1989). The aim of the study is to comparatively examine to what extent the type

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