It is well known that drilling fluid is a key parameter for optimizing drilling operations, cleaning the hole, and managing the rig hydraulics and margins of surge and swab pressures. Although the experimental works represent valid and reliable results, they are expensive and time consuming. In contrast, continuous and regular determination of the rheological fluid properties can perform its essential functions during good construction. The aim of this study is to develop empirical models to estimate the drilling mud rheological properties of water-based fluids with less need for lab measurements. This study provides two predictive techniques, multiple regression analysis and artificial neural networks, to determine the rheological properties of water-based drilling fluid using other simple measurable properties. While mud density, marsh funnel, and solid% are key input parameters in this study, the output models are plastic viscosity, yield point, apparent viscosity and gel strength. The prediction methods have been applied on datasets taken from the final reports of two wells drilled in the Ahdeb oil field, eastern Iraq. To test the performance ability of the developed models, two error-based metrics (determination coefficient R2 and root mean square error have been used in this study. The current results support the evidence that MW, MF, and solid% are consistent indexes for the prediction of rheological mud properties. Both mud density and solid content have a relative-significant effect on increasing PV, YP, AV, and gel strength. The results also reveal that both MRA and ANN are conservative in estimating the fluid rheological properties, but ANN is more precise than MRA. Eight empirical mathematical models with high performance capacity have been developed in this study to determine the rheological fluid properties using simple and quick equipment such as mud balance and marsh funnel. This study presents cost-effective models to determine the rheological fluid properties for future well planning in Iraqi oil fields.
This world is moving towards knowledge economy which basically depends on knowledge and information. So, the economic units need to develop its financial reporting system which helps to provide useful information in timeliness for investors in accordance with the requirements of the knowledge economy and meets the needs of those investors. This research aims to revealing the reflects of knowledge economy on the approaches of financial reporting and suggesting a financial reporting model in the environment of knowledge economy, depending on combining the value approach with the events approach using database and communication technology and providing useful accounting information for all users regardless of
... Show MoreThe international humanitarian law found the special rules to protect women meanwhile the armed conflicts whether international or non-international. These rules are adopted for woman because of two reasons : that she is from civilians and on the other hand that her special constitution demands a special protection. The international community's attention of women is increased as a result of the tragic situation that faced women around the world especially in the Middle East and particularly in Iraq during the American-British war and ISIS period, these two periods sort many negative effects that reach women such as captivity, slavery, sexual enslavement and rape women especially Yazidis and Christians....
There is a need to make serious efforts For Iraqi universities to be in the ranks of advanced universities in the world. This requires attracting teaching talents and providing an incubating environment for them. Therefore, the objective of the research was to explore the influence of (the environment, the development of talents) on sustainable competitive advantages. The research followed the descriptive approach and used the quantitative analysis method. Almaqaal university is the field of study. The study sample size (of 76 people), from almaaqal university teachers, and the sample comprised the available staff specialized in the field of Teaching and research. The questionnaire was utilised as a data collection tool and (spss) program w
... Show MoreAfter its 35-year occupation of Japan and the US occupation, Korea has set its sights on a long-term goal of building its country and establishing its foundations, unobtrusive and unchecked by the problems and wars that have stood in the way of its goal, surpassing all odds and achieving the best results. The most powerful Asian and global economies, which gained the respect of the world and its appreciation of the experience has become referred to as boys
The toxicological risks and lifetime cancer risks associated with exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) including Halloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) compounds by drinking water in several districts in Wassit Province were estimated. The seasonal variation of HAAs and THMs compounds in drinking water have indicated that the mean values for total HAAs (THAAs) and total THMs (TTHMs) ranged from 43.2 to 72.4 mg/l and from 40 to 115.5 mg/l, respectively. The World health organization index for additive toxicity approach was non-compliant with the WHO guideline value in summer and autumn seasons and this means that THMs concentration has adverse toxic health effects. The multi-pathway of lifetime hu
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Although the subject of biofuels industry is linked directly to the energy sector, but has links and numerous indirect effects, in particular effects on the environment and agriculture, this study (opportunities and challenges of biofuels industry and impact on the development of the agricultural sector in developing countries) a modest step to identify the industry in detail and identify the types of products and raw materials entering, then define or limit the positive and negative impacts of this industry in General and for specific products In particular, detailed, and then flip all those effects on the agricultural sector in developing countries can benef
... Show MoreThe purpose of this paper is to preparing exercises for using the (Blazepod) device for advanced basketball players, and then identifying the effect of using the (Blazepod) device in developing some of the player's defensive movement for advanced basketball players. 12 players from the Adhamiya Sports Club, the category of applicants for the 2022/2023 sports year, where they were chosen in a deliberate manner from the community of origin represented by clubs, and the researchers used the defender player's movement test, and the results of the study showed that the special exercises prepared by the researcher using the (Blazepod) device affected the development Defensive skills (the movement of the defending player) greatly increased among a
... Show MoreDissolution of gypsum rock in water is significant, which may result in hydrocarbon reservoir formation and evaporate deposits. However, the complexity of the gypsum dissolution process is still of interest because of its uncleanness that requires more critical analysis. The objectives of this experimental study are emphasis on the dissolution characteristics of gypsum rock under room temperature and by various types of water; namely: deionized, tap, fresh, acidic, well, and normal rainwatre. In addition, the influences of dissolution on gypsum rock's mechanical and physical characteristics. Gypsum rock was obtained from Agjalar area, in the southwest of Sulaymaniyah city, Northern Iraq. Experimental results show that we
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