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Weakly Supervised Sensitive Heatmap framework to classify and localize diabetic retinopathy lesions
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Abstract<p>Vision loss happens due to diabetic retinopathy (DR) in severe stages. Thus, an automatic detection method applied to diagnose DR in an earlier phase may help medical doctors to make better decisions. DR is considered one of the main risks, leading to blindness. Computer-Aided Diagnosis systems play an essential role in detecting features in fundus images. Fundus images may include blood vessels, exudates, micro-aneurysm, hemorrhages, and neovascularization. In this paper, our model combines automatic detection for the diabetic retinopathy classification with localization methods depending on weakly-supervised learning. The model has four stages; in stage one, various preprocessing techniques are applied to smooth the data set. In stage two, the network had gotten deeply to the optic disk segment for eliminating any exudate's false prediction because the exudates had the same color pixel as the optic disk. In stage three, the network is fed through training data to classify each label. Finally, the layers of the convolution neural network are re-edited, and used to localize the impact of DR on the patient's eye. The framework tackles the matching technique between two essential concepts where the classification problem depends on the supervised learning method. While the localization problem was obtained by the weakly supervised method. An additional layer known as weakly supervised sensitive heat map (WSSH) was added to detect the ROI of the lesion at a test accuracy of 98.65%, while comparing with Class Activation Map that involved weakly supervised technology achieved 0.954. The main purpose is to learn a representation that collect the central localization of discriminative features in a retina image. CNN-WSSH model is able to highlight decisive features in a single forward pass for getting the best detection of lesions.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 20 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Proposition Framework to Application Kaizen Cost Technique of to realization Target Pricing: Practical Study in the Al-Muthanna Cement Company
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The study the problem emerged in the inability of local companies to enter the field of active competition with other companies operating in the same economic sector due to the high cost of their products, hence, the companies that want to apply this technique can effectively compete in order to achieve those objectives.

  So this study focused on the goal of reducing the cost of products by reducing the cost product to a minimum , as the study was based in its hypothesis on the ability of companies to application this technique which in turn leads to increased profits under conditions of normal working and the power available and their potential in improving the quality of its products, as well as the need for full coordina

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
Iosr Journal Of Dental And Medical Sciences (iosr-jdms)
Diabetic Cheiroarthropathy in a Sample of Iraqi Diabetic Patients
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Background: Diabetic cheiroarthropathy is a term derived from the Greek word “cheiros” meaning “of the hand”, It is characterized by stiff hands with distinctively thick, tight, and waxy skin, especially on the dorsal aspects of the hands. It is part of long term complication of diabetes and many suggest it is associated with microvascular complication. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic cheiroarthropathy in Iraqi patients with diabetes, and to study its association with diabetic retinopathy and glycemic control. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study in which 110 diabetic patients and 110 non-diabetic healthy people who accepted to take part in the study were ran

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 03 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Mechanics Of Continua And Mathematical Sciences
XGBOOST AND COST-SENSITIVE CART FOR IMBALANCED MULTICLASS DIABETES CLASSIFICATION IN IRAQ
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Diabetes imposes a substantial public health burden; according to the International Diabetes Federation, there were about 3.4 million diabetes related deaths worldwide in 2024, and in Iraq, the Federation reports that one in nine adults lives with diabetes in 2024, with 14,683 adult deaths attributable to diabetes and a total diabetes related health expenditure of 2,078 million United States dollars. The dataset analyzed in this study contains 1,000 records collected in 2020 from two Iraqi teaching hospitals and includes multiple clinical and laboratory measurements with three outcome classes, namely Non diabetic, Pre diabetic, and Diabetic, with a low prevalence of the Pre diabetic class and an imbalanced overall class distribution; the da

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 02 2023
Journal Name
East European Journal Of Physics
A Study of the Weakly Bound Structure of Nuclei Around the Magic Number N=50
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An investigation of the quadrupole deformation of Kr, Sr, Zr, and Mo isotopes has been conducted using the HFB method and SLy4 Skyrme parameterization. The primary role of occupancy of single particle state 2d5/2 in the existence of the weakly bound structure around N=50 is probed. Shell gaps are performed using a few other calculations for the doubly magic number 100Sn using different Skyrme parameterizations. We explore the interplays among neutron pairing strength and neutron density profile in two dimensions, along with the deformations of 100Sn.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 11 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Serum Aldosterone Levels in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy in Relation to Vascular Calcification
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Diabetic Nephropathy(DN) is a complex disease manifested by persistence microalbuminuria   occurring due to the interaction between hemodynamic and metabolic pathway that activates the local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system resulting in a decline in renal functions.

This study aimed to quantify the associations between serum aldosterone concentration and fetuin- A as a marker of calcification in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria from one side, and study the possible relationship between aldosterone and fetuin-A with glycemic indices, serum electrolyte, renal function and microalbuminuria and body mass index from the other side.

A case-control study involved eighty-six adult subjects

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Financial investment strategies – Conceptual Framework
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The investor needs to a clear strategy for the purpose of access to the financial market, that is, has a plan to increase The share of the profits thinking entrepreneur and new, and highlights the importance of this in that it sets for the investor when it goes to the market, and when it comes out of it, and at what price to buy or sell the stock, and what is the the amount of money it starts. Fortunately, he does not need to invent his own investment strategy, because over the years the development of effective methods of buying and selling, and once you understand how to work these methods investor can choose the most appropriate methods and adapted image that fit his style investment .

  &nb

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
The Journal Of Law Research
Ensuring the right to private property within the framework of the imposition of the arraat tax
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AHA Al-Hilali, AAH Hamid, The Journal of Law Research, 2022

Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Medicine And Life
Association between <i>CNR1</i> gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Iraqi patients with T2DM
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In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene polymorphism has been linked to diabetic nephropathy (DN). Different renal disorders, including DN, have been found to alter cannabinoid (CB) receptor expression and activation. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between CNR1 rs1776966256 and rs1243008337 genetic variants and the risk of developing DN in Iraqi patients with T2DM. The study included 100 patients with T2DM, divided into two groups: 50 with DN and 50 without DN. Genotyping of CNR1 rs1776966256 and rs1243008337 polymorphisms was conducted using PCR in DN patients and control samples. The distribution of rs1776966256 and rs1243008337 genotypes and alleles bet

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 28 2023
Journal Name
The Iraqi Journal Of Veterinary Medicine
Effect of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Kidney Function in Diabetic and Non-‎‎Diabetic Male Guinea Pigs
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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic fluor-surfactant chemical used widely in ‎products that resist oil, heat, grease, stains, and water. It is also used in producing other ‎fluoropolymers. The main sources of exposure to PFOA are water, soil, and animal-‎origin food (meat, fish, and dairy products). The aim of this study to evaluate the renal ‎function following oral gavage of sub-lethal dose of PFOA in diabetic and non-diabetic ‎guinea pigs. The experiment run for 4 weeks, total of 40 male guinea pigs, ‎‎(Cavia porcellus), were randomly selected and grouped into four equal groups. The first ‎group (G1) served as the negative control; 2nd group (G2) alloxan induced diabetic, 3rd ‎group (G3) non-diabeti

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Cloud Manufacturing framework for controlling and monitoring of machines
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Due to the development that occurs in the technologies of information system many techniques was introduced and played important role in the connection between machines and peoples through internet, also it used to control and monitor of machines, these technologies called cloud computing and Internet of Things. With the replacement of computing resources with manufacturing resources cloud computing named converted into cloud manufacturing.

In this research cloud computing was used in the field of manufacturing to automate the process of selecting G-Code that Computer Numerical Control machine work it, this process was applied by the using of this machine with Radio Frequency Identification and a AWS Cloud services and some of py

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