Two series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives at the sixth position of the 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol group were synthesized.

   As a result of the entry of  multinationals companies in Iraq for investing in the joint projects through conducting agreements and contracts for work on important and strategic projects to get the necessary funds and various experiences which characterize the foreign participant sides that Iraq currently needs them and because of the non-applying the accounting processing stipulated in the unified accounting system in addition to the absence of a local accounting bases as well as the default of the participant contracts on indicating the accounting methods about those projects which are considered one of the bases that enables auditors in the public sector to depend on it, thus the research paper deals with studying an

This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of laser lithotripsy and pneumatic lithotripsy, the two most commonly used transurethral lithotripsy methods for treating bladder stones in children in Iraq. Between January 2013 and December 2016, 64 children with bladder stones were included in this prospective randomized study, after ethical committee approval and written consent from the children’s parents or caregivers were obtained. Patients were assigned randomly by computer software to two groups treated with either pneumatic cystolithotripsy or laser lithotripsy. A 9 Fr. semirigid ureteroscope was used to pass the lithotripter through and fragment the stone. A catheter of 8–12 Fr. was then introduced and kept in place

Phonetics has close relevance with Musicology; in this study I decided explaining the interlinkages and harmony between Phonetics and Musicology. Linguists preceded philosophers in an attempt to link Phonetics with Musicology; the 1st serious attempt to link Phonetics with Musicology was done by Ibn Jeny (Dead 392 IC), but the real attempt is found with Farabi through his book under title Al Musiqa Al Kabeer, he defined music and link it with tune and relation between melody and tone, This is the same as pointed out by Ikhwan Al Safa who followed the doctrine of al-Farabi, their attention was with music and link it with phoneme, as they made music independent science, and they created special mathematics rules for it. Melody in music can

This paper introduces the Multistep Modified Reduced Differential Transform Method (MMRDTM). It is applied to approximate the solution for Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations (NLSEs) of power law nonlinearity. The proposed method has some advantages. An analytical approximation can be generated in a fast converging series by applying the proposed approach. On top of that, the number of computed terms is also significantly reduced. Compared to the RDTM, the nonlinear term in this method is replaced by related Adomian polynomials prior to the implementation of a multistep approach. As a consequence, only a smaller number of NLSE computed terms are required in the attained approximation. Moreover, the approximation also converges rapidly over a

Today the NOMA has exponential growth in the use of Optical Visible Light Communication (OVLC) due to good features such as high spectral efficiency, low BER, and flexibility. Moreover, it creates a huge demand for electronic devices with high-speed processing and data rates, which leads to more FPGA power consumption. Therefore; it is a big challenge for scientists and researchers today to recover this problem by reducing the FPGA power and size of the devices. The subject matter of this article is producing an algorithm model to reduce the power consumption of (Field Programmable Gate Array) FPGA used in the design of the Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques applied in (OVLC) systems combined with a blue laser. However, The po

The present work focuses on the experimental implementation of one of the fiber optical sensors, the optical glass fiber built on surface Plasmon resonance. A type of optical glass fiber was used in this work, single-mode no-core fiber with pre-tapering diameter: (125.1 μm) and (125.3 μm), respectively. The taper method can be tested by measuring the output power of the optical fiber before and after chemical etching to show the difference in cladding diameter due to the effect of hydrofluoric acid with increasing time for the taper process. The optical glass fiber sensor can be fabricated using the taper method to reduce the cladding diameter of the fibers to (83.12 µm, 64.37 µm, and 52.45 µm) for single-mode fibers using Hydrofluoric

In this research work, a simulator with time-domain visualizers and configurable parameters using a continuous time simulation approach with Matlab R2019a is presented for modeling and investigating the performance of optical fiber and free-space quantum channels as a part of a generic quantum key distribution system simulator. The modeled optical fiber quantum channel is characterized with a maximum allowable distance of 150 km with 0.2 dB/km at =1550nm. While, at =900nm and =830nm the attenuation values are 2 dB/km and 3 dB/km respectively. The modeled free space quantum channel is characterized at 0.1 dB/km at =860 nm with maximum allowable distance of 150 km also. The simulator was investigated in terms of the execution of the BB84 p

In this research work, a simulator with time-domain visualizers and configurable parameters using a continuous time simulation approach with Matlab R2019a is presented for modeling and investigating the performance of optical fiber and free-space quantum channels as a part of a generic quantum key distribution system simulator. The modeled optical fiber quantum channel is characterized with a maximum allowable distance of 150 km with 0.2 dB/km at =1550nm. While, at =900nm and =830nm the attenuation values are 2 dB/km and 3 dB/km respectively. The modeled free space quantum channel is characterized at 0.1 dB/km at =860 nm with maximum allowable distance of 150 km also. The simulator was investigated in terms of the execution of the BB84 prot

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In this study, optical fibers were designed and implemented as a chemical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to estimate the age of the oil used in electrical transformers. The study depends on the refractive indices of the oil. The sensor was created by embedding the center portion of the optical fiber in a resin block, followed by polishing, and tapering to create the optical fiber sensor. The tapering time was 50 min. The multi-mode optical fiber was coated with 60 nm thickness gold metal. The deposition length was 4 cm. The sensor's resonance wavelength was 415 nm. The primary sensor parameters were calculated, including sensitivity (6.25), signal-to-noise ratio (2.38), figure of merit (4.88), and accuracy (3.2)