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Numerical investigation of natural convection in a square enclosure partially filled with horizontal layers of a porous medium
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Abstract<p>Two‐dimensional buoyancy‐induced flow and heat transfer inside a square enclosure partially occupied by copper metallic foam subjected to a symmetric side cooling and constant heat flux bottom heating was tested numerically. Finite Element Method was employed to solve the governing partial differential equations of the flow field and the Local Thermal Equilibrium model was used for the energy equation. The system boundaries were defined as lower heated wall by constant heat flux, cooled lateral walls, and insulated top wall. The three parameters elected to conduct the study are heater length (7 ≤ <italic>ζ</italic> ≤ 20 cm), constant heat flux (150 ≤ <italic>q</italic>″ ≤ 600 W m<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>), and porous material thickness (5 ≤ <italic>H</italic> ≤ 20 cm). The porous material used was the copper metal foam of porosity = 0.9 and pore density PPI = 10, and saturated with a fluid of Prandtl number = 0.7. On the basis of the results obtained, it was concluded that at the porous layer thickness = 5 cm, the rate of heat transferred was (74.6%) higher than when the layer height was 20 cm (the cavity is fully filled) and at the same thickness it was found that the heat rate is (51.4%) higher than when using the half filling (<italic>H</italic> = 10 cm). Further, the local and mean Nusselt number is maximum when using the largest heater size and smallest porous layer thickness. Finally, better circulation and convective modes were observed at high values of heat flux.</p>
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Publication Date
Thu May 14 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Cities of Lebanon from "Planning to Congestion Towards a "flexible mobility culture
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This paper examines the change in planning pattern In Lebanon, which relies on vehicles as a semi-single mode of transport, and directing it towards re-shaping the city and introducing concepts of "smooth or flexible" mobility in its schemes; the concept of a "compact city" with an infrastructure based on a flexible mobility culture. Taking into consideration environmental, economical and health risks of the existing model, the paper focuses on the four foundations of the concepts of "city based on culture flexible mobility, "and provides a SWOT analysis to encourage for a shift in the planning methodology.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
Cloning and expression of a lipase gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa into E.coli
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Fifteen local isolates of Pseudomonas were obtained from several sources such as soil, water and some high-fat foods (Meat, olives, coconuts, etc.). The ability of isolates to produce lipase was measured by the size of clear zone on Tween 20 solid medium and by measuring the enzymatic activity and specific activity. Isolate M3 (as named in this study) was found to be the most efficient for the production of the lipase with enzymatic activity reached 56.6 U/ml and specific activity of 305.94 U/mg. This isolate was identified through genetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. and it was shown that the isolate M3 belongs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 99% similarity. The DNA of isolate M3 was extracted and lipase gene was amplified through PCR tec

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 02 2018
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Public Health Research & Development
A revised checklist of the blister beetles genera (Coleoptera, Meloidae) from Iraq
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Study of Fluctuation and Expansion Ratios for Gas-Solid Fluidized Columns
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The fluctuation and expansion ratios have been studied for cylindrical gas-solid fluidized columns by using air as fluidizing medium and Paracetamol as the bed material. The variables were the column diameter (0.0762, 0.15, and 0.18 m), static bed height (0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 m), and air velocity to several times of minimum fluidization velocity. The results showed that both the fluctuation and expansion ratios had a direct relation with air velocity and an inverse one with column diameter and static bed height. A good agreement was between the experimental results and the calculated values by using the correlation equations from the literature.

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Vibration Control Analysis of a Smart Flexible Cantilever Beam Using Smart Material
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This paper features the modeling and design of a pole placement and output Feedback control technique for the Active Vibration Control (AVC) of a smart flexible cantilever beam for a Single Input Single Output (SISO) case. Measurements and actuation actions done by using patches of piezoelectric layer, it is bonded to the master structure as sensor/actuator at a certain position of the cantilever beam.
The smart structure is modeled based on the concept of piezoelectric theory, Bernoulli -Euler beam theory, using Finite Element Method (FEM) and the state space techniques. The number of modes is reduced using the controllability and observability grammians retaining the first three
dominant vibratory modes, and for the reduced syste

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 05 2025
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Networks And Systems
Leveraging AI for Disaster Management: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Challenges
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 28 2023
Journal Name
The Iraqi Journal Of Veterinary Medicine
Haemoglobin Epsilon as a Biomarker for the Molecular Detection of Canine ‎Lymphoma
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Lymphoma is a cancer arising from B or T lymphocytes that are central immune system ‎components. It is one of the three most common cancers encountered in the canine; ‎lymphoma affects middle-aged to older dogs and usually stems from lymphatic tissues, ‎such as lymph nodes, lymphoid tissue, or spleen. Despite the advance in the management of ‎canine lymphoma, a better understanding of the subtype and tumor aggressiveness is still ‎crucial for improved clinical diagnosis to differentiate malignancy from hyperplastic ‎conditions and to improve decision-making around treating and what treatment type to use. ‎This study aimed to evaluate a potential novel biomarker related to iron metabolism,

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Enhancement of Hybrid Solar Air Conditioning System using a New Control Strategy
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Enhancement of the performance for hybrid solar air conditioning system was presented in this paper. The refrigerant temperature leaving the condenser was controlled using three-way valve, this valve was installed after the compressor to regulate refrigerant flow rate towards the solar system. A control system using data logger, sensors and computer was proposed to set the opening valve ratio. The function of control program using LabVIEW software is to obtain a minimum refrigerant temperature from the condenser outlet to enhance the overall COP of the unit by increasing the degree of subcooled refrigerant. A variable load electrical heater with coiled pipe was used instead of the solar collector and the storage tank to simulate the sola

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The Holy Qur’an Approach to Evidence (Signs of branding as a template)
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The aim of the current research is to study a topic from the Qur’anic topics, few have researched it and realized its content, so people knew it in one name in the Qur’an in another name, and due to the ancientity of the topic and its contemporaneity, I wanted to write about it. The research has an introduction, three demands, and a conclusion with the most important results of the research:
As for the introduction: It was to indicate the importance of the topic and an optional reason for it.
As for the first requirement: it included the definition of reasoning, its divisions, and its characteristics.
As for the second requirement, it was to indicate the meaning, types, and methods of labeling it.
As for the third require

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Publication Date
Wed May 24 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Manifestation, implicitness, and the interaction of Quranic discourse systems - a stylistic study
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Stylistics represents a modern approach in understanding the literary text through the linguistic patterns that form it. The distinctive phenomena that the text includes constitute special features in it. As well as exploring its aesthetic aspects through description and analysis at the same time. The close link between stylistics and linguistics made stylistics occupy a prominent place in modern literary criticism.
In this regard, we do not want to dwell on the different directions of stylistics. Rather, we will prolong the discussion in the study of the style as a (deviation. Aversion) from the original. Because this trend plays on the chord of the paradox between the surface structure and the deep structure, especially when the sur

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