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Association between polymorphisms within the gene coding for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha with outcomes of treatment in a sample of Iraqi patients with ankylosing spondylitis taking etanercept: an observational study
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Background:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive, chronic inflammatory illness with an unclear etiology that explicitly targets the vertebral column, peripheral joints, and extraarticular tissues. The purpose of this research was to investigate if the existence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene at positions -1031T/C (rs199964), -857C/T (rs1799724) and -806C/T (rs4248158) in a sample of Iraqi AS patients could influence the patients' outcomes with etanercept.

Methods:Sixty patients with established AS receiving only etanercept were selected to enroll in this study, with a mean age of 40.75±8.67 years; 51 patients were male. Patients were classed as "responders" if they obtained aBath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index(BASDAI) 50 clinical response and as "non-responders" if they did not achieve a BASDAI 50 clinical improvement after at least six months of treatment. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product amplification of the purified blood DNA, the promoter region of TNF-α gene SNPs was established by Sanger sequencing.

Results:This research found a significant difference in the TT genotype of rs1799964, P = 0.02, in the responder group, in contrast to the TC genotype of rs1799964, which was significantly more frequent in the non-responder group, P = 0.01. The wild TT genotype of rs1799964 seemed to enhance the probability of being a responder. Nevertheless, the heterozygote TC genotype of rs1799964 showed a negative and significant correlation for responsiveness to etanercept.

Conclusion: The TT genotype of rs1799964 is associated with a higher likelihood of responding to ETN, suggesting that it is a valuable diagnostic for predicting response in Iraqi AS patients.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Analyzing the reality of the Iraqi market for securities in light of financial globalization
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The Iraqi market for securities in light of financial globalization faces real challenges at the local and international levels, which were reflected in their shadows on the overall economic reality, which imposed the necessity of making fundamental changes in terms of form and content, and from here stems the research problem in the ability of the Iraqi stock market to adapt to the transformations Financial imposed by financial globalization in light of the weakness of the economic structure and its position in the global economy. The research starts from the hypothesis that the Iraqi market for securities in light of financial globalization has an important and significant role in the economic field, through its role in stimula

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Arab World English Journal
Impoliteness and Threat Responses in an Iraqi-Kurdish EFL Context
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This study shows impoliteness as a form of face-threatening that can be intentionally caused by verbal threats in a particular setting. It investigates: what strategies and mitigators do Iraqi-Kurdish English as a foreign language (EFL) learners use in situations of threat responses? The present investigation paper aims to examine impoliteness strategies and mitigators by these learners when they respond to threatening situations in their context. Thus, it fills a gap in pragmatics literature by investigating the reactions to threats in an Iraqi-Kurdish EFL context. To this end, 50 participants have participated in this study. An open-ended questionnaire in the form of a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) is used to elicit responses fr

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Disease Patterns and outcomes of Neonatal Admissions at Raparin Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City
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Objectives: This study aims to determine the disease’s patterns and outcomes of admission among neonates hospitalized at the neonatal care unit in Erbil City, and using the findings as a baseline for neonate’s morbidity and mortality assessment in the future. Methodology: A retrospective study carried out at neonatal care unit of Raparin pediatric teaching hospital. An instrument for data collection developed by researcher included (age, gender, cause of admission, diagnosis and outcome upon discharge and causes of death). Content validity of the instrument was determined through the use of panel ex

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 03 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Kufa For Chemical Science
A study of Adsorption of Acetone and 2- Butanone on Iraqi Siliceouns Rocks Powder
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Adsorption of Acetone and 2-Butanone on Iraqi siliceouns rocks powder have been investigated. UV technique has been used to determine the adsorption isotherms. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms obeyed Freundlich adsorption equation. The results showed that the adsorption increases with increasing acidity of solutions. The adsorption was exothermic process, increasing temperature leads to decreasing adsorption. H,  S, G were calculated

Publication Date
Fri Apr 12 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
)) Evaluate the qualifying of the auditor in Iraq in accordance with international requirements ((
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Abstract

The purpose of the research is to determine how much do the external auditors’ qualifications in Iraq match the international requirements? And determine the necessary and priority requirements that the auditor should have in order to adapt with the changes in the community and the profession. The research partially focuses on comparing international institutes curriculum requirements with the local institutes’ curriculum requirements. Furthermore, it compares examinations of local students with the questions of these institutes and compares the requirements of these institutes to continuing vocational education with the local, as well as analyzes and presents the questionnaire results to find out the necessa

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Designing and Standardizing two Passing tests for the Initial selection of Individuals With Simple Mental Disabilities In Futsal
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The five-a- Side Soccer for people with a minor mental disability has become as important as many other sporting events. Therefore, the researcher considers that the basic skills tests are suited to the level of the tested individuals in terms of their age and mental ability. The technical aspects were adopted as a means of selecting from They are qualified to practice this game in the simplest form, so show the importance of the problem of research through the design and codification of two tests of handling skills belonging to this category and adopted by the training cadres during the selection process. The research community for people with minor mental disabilities determines the male category of the mental and social disability instit

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 27 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Designing and Standardizing two Dribbling Tests for the Initial selection of Individuals With Simple Mental Disabilities In Futsal
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The game of football is one of the most popular games in the world because of its beauty in the hearts of its fans. From this position, the game of five football for people with simple mental disability has become as much attention to many other sporting events, so the researchers believe that the tests of basic skills match the level of individuals tested In terms of their age and mental ability, the technical aspects were adopted as a means of selecting those who are qualified to practice this game in the simplest form, so the importance of the research problem in designing and standardizing two dribbling skating tests for members of this category and It depends by training their cadres during the selection process. The research community

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 17 2022
Journal Name
Open Access Macedonian Journal Of Medical Sciences
Clinical Characteristics and Antibiotics Sensitivity of Culture Positive Typhoid Fever Patients in Baghdad Teaching Hospital - A Single Center Study
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BACKGROUND: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is an endemic disease in Iraq. Variations in presentations make it a diagnostic challenge. If untreated or treated inappropriately then it is a serious disease with potentially life-threatening complications. The recent emergence of drug resistant strains of S. Typhi is a rising public health problem and a clinical concern to the physician. AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess and describe the patterns of antimicrobial resistance, clinical characteristics, epidemiological distribution, and complications of typhoid fever. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of typhoid fever (culture proven) were collected during the period from February 2019 to November 2019 in the me

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluating health services in the private suites for governmental hospitals from the perspective of patients
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ABSTRACT                                                                                            

The study aims to identify the level of health services provided in private suites to government hospitals from the perspective of the recipi

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
An investigation into the implications of partial substitution of selenium with lead on the thermal properties for S<sub>60</sub>Se<sub>40-X</sub>Pb<sub>X</sub> Chalcogenide Compound
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Abstract<p>This study includes the manufacture of four ternary alloys represented S<sub>60</sub>Se<sub>40-X</sub>Pb<sub>X</sub> with weight ratios x = 0, 10, 20, and 30 by the melting point method. The components of each alloy were mixed separately, then placed in quartz ampoules and vacuumed out with a vacuum of roger that 10<sup>−4</sup> Torr. The ampule was heated in two stages to avoid sudden dissipation and precipitation of selenium on the inner mass of the quartz tube. The ampoule was gradually heated and kept at 450°C for approximately 4 hours followed by 950°C for 10 hours.at a rate of 10 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the electric furnace</p> ... Show More
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