Violacein: Review article

Nisreen Hadi Odaa Al-kenani

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Publication Date

Thu Mar 14 2024

Journal Name

مجلة الدراسات التربوية والعلمية

Volume

23

Issue Number

1

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Violacein: Review article

Violacein

Deoxyviolacein

Oxyviolacein

Purple pigment.

Nisreen Hadi Odaa Al-kenani

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The purple pigment violacein is produced by Gram-negative bacteria, mainly from the Chromobacterium violaceum. Violacein is synthesized by fusing two Ltryptophan molecules using five different enzymes encoded by VioA, VioB, VioC, VioD, and VioE genes. These genes have transferred to genetically engineering microorganisms such as E.coli for high production of violacein. It is receiving greater interest because of its significant biological functions and therapeutic potential. The reviews outlining the biosynthesis, production, and biological significance of violacein are being published.

Publication Date

Sat Feb 14 2026

Journal Name

Journal Of Al-mamoon College

Subject Review: Toxic leadership in the workplace environment

The leadership has received significant attention from researchers for its positive impact on workers and organizational success. Recently

studies have begun to focus on the darker side of leadership and its impact on followers and the work environment. Toxic leadership has been identified as the most dangerous leadership style

resulting in both material and moral costs to organizations in various aspects. Toxic leadership affects the motivation of subordinates

their ability to accomplish tasks

and their desire to continue working. Toxic leaders employ intimidation

exclusion

bullying

threats

and marginalization of subordinates

negatively impacting their well-being and mental health. Therefore

it has become imperative for organizations to implement appropriate mechanisms to prevent the spread of such destructive toxic behaviors on both individual and organizational levels. Thus

the current research aims to identify toxic leadership by reviewing its most important literature and examining the key behaviors and traits of toxic leaders

as well as their impact on followers and the organizational environment.

مصطفى عبدالعباس

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حضيت القيادة باهتمام كبير من قبل الباحثين ودورها الإيجابي في التأثير على الموظفين ونجاح المنظمات، في الآونة الأخير بدأت الدراسات تركز على الجانب المظلم للقيادة وتأثيرها على التابعين وبيئة العمل، وقد تم تحديد القيادة السامة بأنها أخطر الأساليب القيادية التي تتسبب بتكاليف مادية ومعنوية على المنظمات بمختلف جوانبها، ان القيادة السامة تأثر على دوافع المرؤوسين وقدرتهم على انجاز المهام، ورغبتهم في الاستمرار في

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Publication Date

Wed Aug 27 2025

Journal Name

Journal Of Medical And Life Science

Black Francolin (Francolinus Francolinus) in Iraq: A Review

Sura Abdul Munaff Abdul

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Publication Date

Wed Jul 06 2022

Journal Name

Journal Of Al-qadisiyah For Computer Science And Mathematics

Image Compression using Polynomial Coding Techniques: A review

Ghadah

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Publication Date

Mon Jul 01 2019

Journal Name

J. Pharm. Sci. & Res.

Synthesis of coumarin by Pechman reaction - A Review

Coumarin

Pechman reaction

phenols

β-keto esters

Kawther

Nebeas

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Phenol condensed with β-keto esters via Pechmann condensation to form derivatives of Coumarin in various reaction conditions by two ways. Present paper is comparative study of synthesis Coumarin with the yield of product , reaction time and reaction conditions.

Publication Date

Mon Oct 02 2023

Journal Name

Journal Of Engineering

Tools for Drought Identification and Assessment: A Review

Drought

Types

Description

Indicators

SPI

Hawraa

Thamer Ahmed

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Drought is a natural phenomenon in many arid, semi-arid, or wet regions. This showed that no region worldwide is excluded from the occurrence of drought. Extreme droughts were caused by global weather warming and climate change. Therefore, it is essential to review the studies conducted on drought to use the recommendations made by the researchers on drought. The drought was classified into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and economic-social. In addition, researchers described the severity of the drought by using various indices which required different input data. The indices used by various researchers were the Joint Deficit Index (JDI), Effective Drought Index (EDI), Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), Sta

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(3)

Publication Date

Tue Aug 31 2021

Journal Name

International Journal Of Nonlinear Analysis And Applications

Face mask detection methods and techniques: A review

Corona virus disease 2019 Face mask detection CNN YOLO Object Detection

Mohammed S. H.

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Corona virus sickness has become a big public health issue in 2019. Because of its contact-transparent characteristics, it is rapidly spreading. The use of a face mask is among the most efficient methods for preventing the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. Wearing the face mask alone can cut the chance of catching the virus by over 70\%. Consequently, World Health Organization (WHO) advised wearing masks in crowded places as precautionary measures. Because of the incorrect use of facial masks, illnesses have spread rapidly in some locations. To solve this challenge, we needed a reliable mask monitoring system. Numerous government entities are attempting to make wearing a face mask mandatory; this process can be facilitated by using face m

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Publication Date

Fri Jan 01 2016

Journal Name

Middle-east Journal Of Scientific Research

Question Classification Using Different Approach: A Whole Review

Dhuha A.

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Publication Date

Sat Feb 14 2026

Journal Name

International Journal Of Veterinary Sciences And Animal Husbandry

Review of multidrug sensitivity and resistance in enterococcus

Hassan

Ibrahim

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Review of multidrug sensitivity and resistance in enterococcus

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Publication Date

Wed Dec 01 2021

Journal Name

Journal Of Biotechnology Research Center

Candida and Candidiasis - A review of Virulence Factors

ATYAF S.

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The occurrences of invasive candidiasis has increased over the previous few decades. Although Candida albicans considers as one of the most common species of organisms, that cause acquired fungal infections. Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and inherent in as a lifelong, the yeast is present in healthy individuals as a commensal, and can reside harmlessly in human body. However, in immuno-compromised individuals, the fungus can invade tissues, producing superficial infections and, in severe cases, life-threatening systemic infections. This review wills emphasis on virulence factor of C. albicans including (adhesion, invasion, candida proteinase, and phenotypic switching and biofilm formation. I

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(6)

Publication Date

Fri Feb 28 2025

Journal Name

Gsc Biological And Pharmaceutical Sciences

Review of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch ,1786), (Cyclophyllideai: Taeniidea)

Mareym Majid

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With the exception of Antarctica, all continents are home to Echinococcus species. These parasite infections are thought to be quite dangerous, causing high rates of morbidity and mortality as well as large financial losses for the cattle sector from a human and veterinary standpoint, the two primary species to consider are Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and Echinococcus multilocularis, which cause cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. The present state-of-the-art knowledge on these two parasites is compiled in this study in four major areas that are pertinent to both human and veterinary professionals: diagnosis, treatment and prevention, clinical symptoms and pathogenesis, and transm

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