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Application of RAPD-PCR and Phylogenetic Analysis for Accurate Characterization of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Chicken and Their Feed and Drinking Water
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The aim of this study was ‎the‎ discrimination of Salmonella‎‎ isolated from chicken and their feed ‎and drinking water for the epidemiological control of salmonellosis. Totally, 289 samples, ‎including 217 chicken cloaca swabs, 46 water, and 26 feed samples were collected from five ‎different farms in Karbala governorate, Iraq. Conventional bacteriology tests, API 20E, Vitek 2, ‎and serology were used for bacterial identification. Random amplified polymorphic ‎DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to analyze the genetic relationships ‎among Salmonella‎‎ isolates. The isolation rate of Salmonella‎‎ spp. was 21.1% (61/289). While the ‎water samples constituted the highest rate (30.4%), a rate of 21.7% was reported for the cloaca ‎swabs, with no isolate at all from chicken feed. Vitek 2 was able to identify some isolates to the ‎serotype level, such as S. Enteritidis, S. Paratyphi B, and S. Paratyphi C. However, the isolates ‎were diagnosed as S. enterica by API 20E, and as S. enterica subsp. arizonae through serology. ‎Analyzing the samples by the RAPD-PCR assay showed the presence of genetically different ‎Salmonella‎‎ spp. Dendrograms created by the GelJ software successfully delineated the genetic ‎relationships. Therefore, RAPD-PCR can be used as a surrogate tool for the fast, reliable, and ‎accurate detection of Salmonella‎‎ in epidemiological surveys when compared with other ‎biochemical-based identification methods.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Swarm And Evolutionary Computation
A review of heuristics and metaheuristics for community detection in complex networks: Current usage, emerging development and future directions
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 30 2009
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
The Factors Affecting the Absorption of Ozone in Water
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This study was concerned with using ozone gas in drinking water treatment plant at Ibn-Sina Company. The main purpose of this research is to find the best contactor for ozone unit proposed. An investigation was conducted to study the absorption of ozone by water in two type of absorber. The effects of the process variables (such as height of water column, contact time, and pH) on the amount of ozone absorbed were investigated. Box-Wilson central composite rotatable design is used to design the experimental work for the mentioned variables. It was found that the optimum value of the variables studied was:
i) Height of water column (90 cm)
ii) Contact time (17-18 min)
iii) PH (7 - 7.5)

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 30 2003
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Water Treatment of Cooling Towers Blowdown by Ion Exchange
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Publication Date
Tue Sep 19 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research
Volumetric Change of Concrete Containing Water Absorption Polymer Balls
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Polymers have the ability to extract water after they have been added to the mortar or concrete mixture. They provide the absorbed water during hydration functioning as internal water source. Absorption polymers can absorb up to hundred times of their own weight of pure water.This research deals with the use of water absorption polymer balls in concrete and study the volumetric change of these mixes and compared the results with reference mix (without polymers). Samples were cured both in air and in water for the mixes to compare results which show that samples in air behave for expansion while sample in water acted for shrinkage.

Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Evaluating Water Damage Resistance of Recycled Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
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Recycling process presents a sustainable pavement by using the old materials that could be milled, mixed with virgin materials and recycling agents to produce recycled mixtures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of water on recycled asphalt concrete mixtures, and the effect of the inclusion of old materials into recycled mixtures on the resistance of water damage. A total of 54 Marshall Specimens and 54 compressive strength specimens of (virgin, recycled, and aged asphalt concrete mixtures) had been prepared, and subjected to Tensile Strength Ratio test, and Index of Retained Strength test. Four types of recycling agents (used oil, oil + crumb rubber, soft grade asphalt cement, and asphalt cement + Su

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Separation of oil/water emulsions by microbubble air flotation
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Abstract<p>Oil/water emulsions are one of the major threats to environment nowadays, occurs at many stages in the production and treatment of crude oil. The oil recovery process adopted will depend on how the oil is present in the water stream. Oil can be found as free oil, as an unstable oil/water emulsion and also as a highly stable oil/water emulsion. The current study was dedicated to the application of microbubble air flotation process for the removal of such oily emulsions for its characters of cost-effective, simple structure, high efficiency and no secondary pollution. The influence of several key parameters on the process removal efficiency was examined, namely, initial oil concentration, pH value of t</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Comparative Study on the Hardness of Mechroha Water Springs
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The vacancy of natural resources is undoubtedly limited by time. The sustainable development principle recommends modern technology for its protection and renewal. This project conducted analyses on two underground water sources in the north of Algeria (Mechroha Province). Besides, the use of the hardness factor and the adoption of the titration method, which is  the determining the concentration of an unknown solution using a known solution concentration, have permitted the characterization of the examples taken and to verify their conformity to the standard required, the results found showed HT=6.66 French degrees (oF) ) for Ain Guilloume water spring in comparison to Ain Messai water spring H

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 30 2003
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Interfacial Rheological Properties of Iraqi Crude Oils Water System
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 20 2023
Journal Name
Maaen Journal For Medical Sciences
Evaluation of heated cure acrylic immersed in ozonated water
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Background: Denture cleansing is an important step that can prevent the spread of infection and improve a patient's health, the durability of the dentures, and the overall quality of life; therefore, it is necessary to choose a suitable cleanser that, in addition to being effective, does not have an unfavorable effect on the qualities of the denture base resin itself when used for an extended period. Aim: This research aims to assess the effects of ozonated water on the surface roughness and hardness of heat-cured acrylic resin by immersion technique. Materials: Sixty bars shapemade of heat-cured acrylicweremanufactured.Thirty samples for every test, including: (surface hardness and surface roughness). Then, these samples were divided into

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2011
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Mixed Corrosion Inhibitors in Cooling Water System
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The effect of mixed corrosion inhibitors in cooling system was evaluated by using carbon steel specimens and weight loss analysis. The carbon steel specimens immersed in mixture of sodium phosphate (Na2 HPO4) used as corrosion inhibitor and sodium glocunate (C6 H11 NaO7) as a scale dispersant at different concentrations (20,40, 60, 80 ppm) and at different temperature (25,50,75 and 100)ºC for (1-5) days. The corrosion inhibitors efficiency was calculated by using uninhibited and inhibited water to give 98.1%. The result of these investigations indicate that the corrosion rate decreases with the increase the corrosion inhibitors concentration at 80 ppm and at 100ºC for 5 days, (i.e,

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