Introduction: A Pap test can detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells in the vagina and uterine cervix. Cervical cancer is the easiest gynecologic cancer to be prevented and diagnosed using regular screening tests and follow-up. This study aimed to estimate the cytological changes and the precancerous lesions using Pap smear test and visual inspection of the cervices of Iraqi women, and also to determine the possible relationship of this cancer with patients’ demographic characteristics. Methods: The study included 140 women aged (18-67) years old referred to the National Cancer Research Center (NCRC), Baghdad, Iraq, during the period 2011-2016. Both visual inspections of the uterine cervix and Papanicolaou smear screening were performed for all of the participants. Results: Only 14% of the women under study were in postmenopausal, and 86% were in premenopausal period. Visual inspection of the cervix showed that 48.6% of the women had erosion lesions. Upon cytology examination, 92.8% of the women showed non-specific inflammation, 70% revealed reactive squamous metaplasia, 27% had Koilocytotic atypia, and 17% suffered from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) or low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL). Contraception was used by 68% of those women, while 34.3% of them used pills. Most women, 79%, had multiple births. The abnormal vaginal discharge occurred in 34% of the participants that is why they attended the center compared with only 25.7% who came for routine checking. Finally, 67% of the participated women did not make this test previously. Conclusion: We conclude routine screening and Pap smear testing for uterine cervix and vagina might be useful especially for sexually active women for preventing the occurrence of precancerous and later cancerous lesions in these organs.
Background: Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease globally. Trace elements such as copper and zinc have a role in many biochemical reactions as micro source, their metabolism is profoundly altered in neoplastic diseases especially breast cancer which is ranked as the first of female cancersObjective: The aim of the present study is to study the impact of body mass index and some trace elements in Iraqi women with breast cancer.Patients and methods: The group of the study consisted of 25 breast cancer patients; their age range was (25–65) years recruited from the Al-Kadhimia Teaching Hospital and 25 apparently healthy women age matched, over a period of 6 months from January 2015 until June 2015. After the diagnosis was m
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Background Obstructing dentinal tubules is a valuable approach for managing dentin hypersensitivity. Although various agents promote dentin remineralization, direct comparisons between theobromine, bioactive glass (BAG), and nano-hydroxyapatite (Nano-HAP) under simulated oral conditions remain limited. To fill this gap, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these three treatments on exposed cervical dentin. The assessment focused on their chemical, morphological, and mechanical effects on dentin. Materials and methods Forty-eight human dentin slabs were obtained from the cervical portions of twelve sound premolar teeth. Baseline Raman spectroscopy and VMH tests were done to exclude outliers. All specimens we
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The research aims at evaluating the illustrations images and determining the availability of good image standards in the illustrations images of the content of the second intermediate stage computer's book for the academic year (2019-2020) as seen by computer teachers. The sample was randomly selected, (30) teachers who are actually teaching the subject in schools within the geographical area of the province of Baghdad (Karkh III). To achieve this goal, ten standards were identified: scientific accuracy, suitability for the level of students, image clarity, image freshness, quality of coloring, suitability of its location of the subject, Matching their content glimpsed, The subject matter is appropriate in terms of area, matching its tit
... Show MoreWomen issues occupy an important place in international and development projects and programs. This is one of the goals of 21 Century announced during universal summit conference in 2000. The goals are : teaching children, reducing the average of the dead, in addition to the main goal which is reducing the poor level in 2015.
The increasing number of countries that adopt democratic policies, economic freedom and openness lead to heighten and develop the role of women in different ways. As a result, many feminism journals have appeared. Since journals help people to make decisions about public issues as well as acquiring new knowledge, it stimulates women to make decisions.
Feminism journalism takes a new trend. It has become specia
Objectives: To Assess the Effect of Physical Status of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome on Women in Reproductive Age,
To Find out the Relationship Between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Women's Physical Health (Acne , Hirsutism ,
Weight Gain , Irregular Menstrual Period),&To Identify the Association of Physical Status to polycystic ovarian
syndrome and Some Socio Demographic Characteristic (Age ,Occupation & Obesity ), and Reproductive
Characteristic(Gravida ,Para ,Abortion &Menstrual Regularity).
Methodology :a descriptive analytical study was conduct on Non-probability (purposive sample) of (100)women who
suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome in reproductive age in infertility counseling from three hospit
Background: In young adults, multiple sclerosis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory demyelinating condition. It is characterized by white matter affection, but many individuals also have significant gray matter involvement. A double-inversion recovery pulse (DIR) pattern was recently proposed to improve the visibility of multiple sclerosis lesions. Objective: To find out how well a DIR sequence, FLAIR, and T2-weighted pulse sequences can find MS lesions in the supratentorial and infratentorial regions. Methods: A total of 37 patients with established diagnoses of multiple sclerosis were included in this cross-sectional study. Brain MRI was done using double inversion recovery, T2, and FLAIR sequences. The number of lesions was count
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Confocal microscope imaging has become popular in biotechnology labs. Confocal imaging technology utilizes fluorescence optics, where laser light is focused onto a specific spot at a defined depth in the sample. A considerable number of images are produced regularly during the process of research. These images require methods of unbiased quantification to have meaningful analyses. Increasing efforts to tie reimbursement to outcomes will likely increase the need for objective data in analyzing confocal microscope images in the coming years. Utilizing visual quantification methods to quantify confocal images with naked human eyes is an essential but often underreported outcome measure due to the time required for manual counting and e
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