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Factors influencing the degree of physician–pharmacist collaboration within Iraqi public healthcare settings†
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Abstract<sec> <title>Objectives

Medication safety and effectiveness can be improved through interprofessional collaboration. The goals of this study were to measure the degree of physician–pharmacist collaboration within Iraqi governmental healthcare settings and to investigate factors influencing this collaboration.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Najaf Province using the Collaborative Working Relationship Model and Physician–Pharmacist Collaborative Instrument (PPCI). Four pharmacists distributed paper surveys with a 7-point Likert scale to a convenience sample of physicians and pharmacists working in seven public hospitals and two outpatient clinics. The questionnaire (in English) covered individual (demographics, practising years and academic affiliation), context (practice setting) and PPCI characteristics (trustworthiness, role specification and relationship initiation) in addition to collaborative care items: one for pharmacists and one for physicians. Separate multiple regressions were used to assess the association of the factors with collaborative care for physicians and for pharmacists.

Key findings

Seventy-seven physicians and 86 pharmacists returned usable surveys (81.5% response rate). The majority of physicians were male (84%), while the majority of pharmacists were female (58%). The mean age of the physicians was (37.99 years) older than that of the pharmacists (30.35 years). The physicians had a longer period of practice (11.32 years) than pharmacists (5.45 years). Most (90%) of the providers were practising in hospitals. Pharmacist academic affiliation was significantly associated with collaborative care. The pharmacist and physician regressions indicated significant (P &lt; 0.05) associations between collaborative care and two PPCI domains (role specification and relationship initiation for physicians; role specification and trustworthiness for pharmacists).

Conclusions

This study focused on physician–pharmacist collaboration within hospitals, and it was the first study measuring interprofessional collaboration in Iraq. The results showed there is physician–pharmacist collaboration within Iraqi hospitals and exchange characteristics had significant influence on this collaboration.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences (pen)
The impact of the application of International Standard No. 13 on the market value of banking sector companies in the Iraqi Stock Exchange
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The topic of the research aims to consolidate the concept of fair value, and then to identify the international financial reporting standard and its role in the application of fair value in the Iraqi local environment and the possibility of using it in determining the value of the company. To achieve the goal of the research, the analytical approach was adopted for the data and information that was obtained by the researcher by conducting interviews with a number of bank and department managers in a sample of Iraqi banks registered in the Iraq Stock Exchange, and then analyzed by adopting some quantitative financial methods. The researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was the impact of fair value accoun

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Strategic control and its impact on the performance of the insurance company: Applied research in the Iraqi insurance company
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Abstract:

               The current research aims to demonstrate the relationship of correlation and influence between the independent variable strategic control through its dimensions represented by (organizational structure, human resources management, commitment to specialization, defining powers and responsibilities, values and integrity) and the dependent variable the performance of the insurance company, and the degree of arrangement of these dimensions according to their importance, as well as Detection of significant differences in the sample's response to the questionnaire paragraphs in the researched company, and the research problem

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Publication Date
Wed May 18 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Application of Experimentation in the Iraqi theatre shows "Othello in the Kitchen" As a model: عادل كريم سالم
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The researcher tackles the most outstanding conditions of experimentation, the importance of the study lies in being helpful to the workers in the field of theatre in general and directors in particular which the conditions of experimentation that should be taken.The study aims at knowing the experimental basis which the director (Sami Abdulhamid) followed in the realization of this.The researcher tackles in the First inquiry the concept of experimentation and the second tackles the conditions of experimentation.In the methodology of study the researcher analyzed the show of the "Othello in the Kitchen" and comes up to the following: 1. the dhows has cone with the nature of the previous shows experienced the methods that were not familia

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 02 2017
Journal Name
8th International Conference On Agricultural, Environment, Biology And Medical Sciences
Histological Structure of the Kidney in the Iraqi Weasel, Small Asian Mangoose, (Herpestes Javanicus ) (E.Geoffroy Saint.Hilaire,1818)
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The present study aims to describe the histological structure of kidney of, (Herpestes javanicus ) that inhabits Iraqi lands. Transverse sections of kidney stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed two distinct regions, the outer thin darkly stained cortex and inner thick lightly stained medulla, which further subdivided into external and internal medullary zones linked with one conical renal papilla. The lateral margin of the outer medullary tissue forms a secondary renal pyramid with a specialized fornix. All the nephrons in the kidney start with the renal corpuscle [Malpighian], which is formed from two distinct parts, these are a centrally located glomerulus, which represented by a tuft of blood capillaries and an outer Bowman’s capsu

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Al-utroha L Sports Scinece
Standard levels for measuring the administrative work of sport unions in the Iraqi national union Olympic Committee
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The sports institutions in general are affected and contact with sport in particular the environmental factor, whether political or economic, which makes them in constant need to consider their administrative applications to increase the confidence of their employees because of their suitability or consistency with the new reality according to the sports activities that relate to it, The stalemate in administrative and technical aspects of the administrative work method in the majority of the Olympic sports federations makes the achievement of most of the goals far from the present reality, and the selection of suitable alternatives to achieve the objectives by those who disagree with the concepts of modern dictatorial standards It leads to

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Malaysian Journal Of Science
DETERMINATION OF URANIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN RICE SAMPLES AVAILABLE IN THE IRAQI MARKET USING THE CR-39 DETECTOR
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In this study, the results of the uranium concentrations and specific activity in 10 rice samples are described using a solid-state track detector (CR-39). Samples were collected from various local Iraqi markets with different origins (Iraq, India, America, and Thailand). Our findings found that the results of uranium concentration in all studied samples are ranging from (0.55 ± 0.28 to 1.74 ± 0.31) ppm with a weighted average of (1.24 ± 0.99) ppm. Also, results demonstrate that the specific activity values of the studied samples swing between values of (6.88 ± 3.52 and 21.49 ± 3.85) Bq/Kg. The obtained results of the studied rice samples are indicated that it is less than the acceptable limit of those studies established by ma

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A comparative study to determine the native eye lens protein in the some types of Iraqi vertebrates
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This study showed that the lens in baloot muluki fish Chondrostoma regium is transparent, spherical shape, and solid in textures, while in the tree frog Hyla arborea savignyi, freshwater turtles Clemmys caspia caspia, white–eared bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis and brown rat Rattus norvegicus are transparent, soft and biconvex, it is very soft in white–eared bulbul. There are many significant differences have been recorded between the average weight lens and the total concentration of the protein in the lens all studied animals. Electrical migration process for lens proteins showed that there is one bundle of crystalline –? and one bundle also crystalline–? in all studied species, either crystalline–? may represent one bundle character

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Features of the actor's performance in the ritual theater (Iraqi theater as a model): علي شخير نفل
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The features of the actor's performance in the ritual theater are of great importance and chief in theatrical work since the first emergence of the theater, as the features of the performance were embodied in all Iraqi theatrical performances, but they took personal privacy in some ritual performances because of their differences and similarities between the ritual theatrical performance and the ritual show Al-Khalis, who wanted the researcher to know the similarities and differences in the features of the ritual performance and in the theatrical performance, despite the many transformations that occurred in the theater and affected the features of the performance, but it remained an important and attractive link between the recipient, t

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Use some probability amputated models to study the characteristics of health payments in the Iraqi Insurance Company
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Abstract

Due to the lack of previous statistical study of the behavior of payments, specifically health insurance, which represents the largest proportion of payments in the general insurance companies in Iraq, this study was selected and applied in the Iraqi insurance company.

In order to find the convenient model representing the health insurance payments, we initially detected two probability models by using (Easy Fit) software:

First, a single Lognormal for the whole sample and the other is a Compound Weibull  for the two Sub samples (small payments and large payments), and we focused on the compoun

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 18 2025
Journal Name
Soil And Sediment Contamination: An International Journal
Remediation Prediction of Contaminated Soil with Crude Oil Using the Optimized Remediation Method for the Iraqi Environment
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Large quantities of petroleum-contaminated soil are generated with increased global energy consumption and crude oil production. This theoretical study evaluates the treatment of 1 ton of petroleum-contaminated soil using seven methods: incineration, physical washing, chemical washing, thermal pyrolysis, Fenton-oxidation-pyrolysis, the biological treatment, and asphaltenes. Data were based on experimental results from the Nahran Bin Omar oil lake in Basra Governorate, Iraq, (2019–2021). The methods were compared by waste generation, treatment cost, and duration. Results indicate that using petroleum-contaminated soil as a raw material for asphalt manufacturing is most beneficial since it is sold as a raw material. Incineration is faster a

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