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Finite Time Disturbance Observer Based on Air Conditioning System Control Scheme
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A novel robust finite time disturbance observer (RFTDO) based on an independent output-finite time composite control (FTCC) scheme is proposed for an air conditioning-system temperature and humidity regulation. The variable air volume (VAV) of the system is represented by two first-order mathematical models for the temperature and humidity dynamics. In the temperature loop dynamics, a RFTDO temperature (RFTDO-T) and an FTCC temperature (FTCC-T) are designed to estimate and reject the lumped disturbances of the temperature subsystem. In the humidity loop, a robust output of the FTCC humidity (FTCC-H) and RFTDO humidity (RFTDO-H) are also designed to estimate and reject the lumped disturbances of the humidity subsystem. Based on Lyapunov theory, the stability proof of the two closed-loop controllers and observers is presented. Comparative simulations are carried out to confirm that the proposed controller outperforms conventional methods and offers greater accuracy of temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, having superior regulation performance in terms of a rapid finite time convergence, an outstanding disturbance rejection property, and better energy consumption. In addition to presenting the comparative simulation results from the control applications on the VAV system, the quantitative values are provided to further confirm the superiority of the proposed controller. In particular, the proposed method exhibits the shortest settling time of, respectively, 15 and 40 min to reach the expected temperature and humidity, whereas other comparative controllers require a longer time to settle down.

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 09 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Experimental Evaluation and Finite Element Simulation to Produce Square Cup by Deep Drawing Process
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Deep drawing process to produce square cup is very complex process due to a lot of process parameters which control on this process, therefore associated with it many of defects such as earing, wrinkling and fracture. Study of the effect of some process parameters to determine the values of these parameters which give the best result, the distributions for the thickness and depths of the cup were used to estimate the effect of the parameters on the cup numerically, in addition to experimental verification just to the conditions which give the best numerical predictions in order to reduce the time, efforts and costs for producing square cup with less defects experimentally is the aim of this study. The numerical analysis is used to study

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Statistics And Its Interface
Search for risk haplotype segments with GWAS data by use of finite mixture models
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The region-based association analysis has been proposed to capture the collective behavior of sets of variants by testing the association of each set instead of individual variants with the disease. Such an analysis typically involves a list of unphased multiple-locus genotypes with potentially sparse frequencies in cases and controls. To tackle the problem of the sparse distribution, a two-stage approach was proposed in literature: In the first stage, haplotypes are computationally inferred from genotypes, followed by a haplotype coclassification. In the second stage, the association analysis is performed on the inferred haplotype groups. If a haplotype is unevenly distributed between the case and control samples, this haplotype is labeled

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
One dimensional Finite Element Solution of Moving Boundaries in Far IR Laser Tissue Ablation
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In this work, the finite element analysis of moving coordinates has been used to study the thermal behavior of the tissue subjected to both continuous wave and pulsed CO2 laser. The results are compared with previously published data, and a good agreement has been found, which verifies the implemented theory. Some conclusions are obtained; As pulse width decreases, or repetition rate increases, or fluence increases then the char depth is decreased which can be explained by an increase in induced energy or its rate, which increases the ablation rate, leading to a decrease in char depth. Thus: An increase in the fluence or decreasing pulse width or increasing repetition rate will increase ablation rate, which will increase the depth of cut

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 03 2021
Journal Name
Structural Concrete
Finite element analysis of rectangular RC beams strengthened with FRP laminates under pure torsion
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Publication Date
Wed Aug 31 2022
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
A Population based Study on Self Medication Practice in Pakistan
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Background: The risk of antibiotics resistance (AR) increases due to excessive of antibiotics either by health care provider or by the patients.

Objective: The assessment of the self-medication Practice of over the counter drugs and other prescription drugs and its associated risk factor.

Subjects and Methods: Study design: A descriptive study was conducted from “20th December 2019 to 08th January 2021”. A pre validated and structured questionnaire in English and Urdu language was created to avoid language barrier including personal detail, reasons and source and knowledge about over the counter drugs and Antibiotics. Sample of the study was randomly selected.

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 10 2016
Journal Name
Scientific Reports
Experimental demonstration on the deterministic quantum key distribution based on entangled photons
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As an important resource, entanglement light source has been used in developing quantum information technologies, such as quantum key distribution(QKD). There are few experiments implementing entanglement-based deterministic QKD protocols since the security of existing protocols may be compromised in lossy channels. In this work, we report on a loss-tolerant deterministic QKD experiment which follows a modified “Ping-Pong”(PP) protocol. The experiment results demonstrate for the first time that a secure deterministic QKD session can be fulfilled in a channel with an optical loss of 9 dB, based on a telecom-band entangled photon source. This exhibits a conceivable prospect of ultilizing entanglement light source in real-life fiber-based

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 04 2022
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Detecting Damaged Buildings on Post-Hurricane Satellite Imagery based on Transfer Learning
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In this article, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is used to detect damage and no damage images form satellite imagery using different classifiers. These classifiers are well-known models that are used with CNN to detect and classify images using a specific dataset. The dataset used belongs to the Huston hurricane that caused several damages in the nearby areas. In addition, a transfer learning property is used to store the knowledge (weights) and reuse it in the next task. Moreover, each applied classifier is used to detect the images from the dataset after it is split into training, testing and validation. Keras library is used to apply the CNN algorithm with each selected classifier to detect the images. Furthermore, the performa

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
information and communication technologies and their impact on changed the financial reporting system In a Sample in Iraqi banks
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paid recent developments in the information and communications technology and the accompanying developments in the global market to pay particular accounting information users to demand more sophistication in terms of corporate financial reporting systems, which led to the emergence of a new type of reporting (financial reporting in real time). where is the information and communications technology mainstay Nations for the development and progress, thanks to the development of technology that have made the transmission of information easily conducted and high speed to all who need it, communication is instantaneous and the flow of information via the internet dramatically exceeded the border temporal and spatial anywhere in the w

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The typical path of compliance control in the verification of tax revenues
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The research aims to contribute to the consolidation of scientific knowledge of compliance control and its role in verifying the proper disposal of funds to manage the wheel of the economy towards achieving targeted development and preserving public money, as well as clarifying the role of tax revenues in strengthening the public treasury and achieving social justice. The analytical descriptive approach was adopted in the process of analyzing The quantitative data collected through personal interviews, and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the contribution of compliance control according to its three principles. (Transparency, accountability, and inclusiveness) on the availability

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Self-control and its relation to the work pressure of educational counselors
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1- The degree of self-control of the educational counselors.

2- The level of work pressures that educational counselors are exposed to from their point of view.

3- The significance of the differences in the degree of self-control and work pressures according to the gender variable (male / female).

4- The relationship between self-control and work stress for the sample as a whole.

The current research was limited to educational counselors of both sexes in Anbar Governorate, Ramadi District, affiliated to the Anbar Education Directorate. The researcher adopted the steps of the relational descriptive approach to achieve the research objectives. The current research community consists of (100) m

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