The current investigation examines the combined impacts of ultrasonic radiation and hydrogen donors on the viscosity of heavy crude oil. The impact of exposure time, power, duty cycle, and temperature on the viscosity of Iraqi heavy crude oil with 20.32 API was studied. Also, the viscosity of the oil samples, which were mixed with a hydrogen donor (decalin) and subjected to ultrasonic treatment under optimal conditions, was examined to evaluate the combined impact of ultrasonic radiation and hydrogen donor on the viscosity of crude oil. The viscosity experienced a decrease of 52.34% at 2 min of irradiation, 360 W ultrasonic power, 0.8 duty cycle, 35 ⁰C, and 8vol% decalin. To validate the outcomes of the experiments, asphaltene content, sulfur content, API gravity, and distillation tests were conducted on both the original and final samples (under optimal conditions). The concentrations of asphaltene and sulfur exhibited a drop of 37.51% and 35.04%, respectively. The results show that cavitation, a heat phenomenon, and the mechanical impact of ultrasound may help break up long carbon chains and reduce the size of asphaltene aggregates, which causes the crude oil's viscosity to drop. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that the simultaneous application of ultrasound and hydrogen donor yielded the most significant decrease in oil viscosity compared with untreated crude oil or treated just with ultrasonic waves.
Objective: Atorvastatin therapy is now recommended for reduction of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM), based on convincing evidence of reductions in mortality and vascular events in major clinical outcome trials. The aim is to evaluate the effects of atorvastatin on proinflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6), HbA1c andleptin in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Sixty fivenewly diagnosed T2DM patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups; group I treated with metformin only; in group II atorvastatin was added with metformin. Twenty healthy subjects were enrolled as control group. While maintaining their usual eating habits, fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results
... Show MoreThis research aims at studying the relation between fair value and the Financial Reports Quality to achieve a number of aims such as :-
1- Throw light on the problems of the measurement that depends on the historic cost as it paves the way towards the method of the fair value in the accounting measurement.
2-Give a general definition for fair value in the accounting via analyzing the theoretical aspects that relates the subject and the scientific bases on which the relating accounting treatment depend.
3- Exhibit the characteristics that could be added by the fair value to the accounting Information .
The study problem is summarized in that the e
... Show MoreInelastic transverse and longitudinal form factors of same parity have
been studied for B 10 nucleus in the frame work of the shell model for
many particles, by using He 4 as an inert core and the remaining
particles were distributed in 3 / 2 1 / 2 1p ,1p which form the model
space. The calculations of the present work based on the harmonic
oscillator potential with fixed size parameter (b). Here we use the
first order correction for the perturbation theory and the interaction
from Cohen-Kurath (CK). Adding the core-polarization effects to
form factors calculations gave a good agreement with the
experimental data. Calculations have been performed for the
transverse excited states of: (1 ,0 )at ( E 0.178M
The effect of internal acoustic excitation on the leading-edge, separated boundary layers and the aerodynamic performance of NACA23015 cross section airfoil are examined as a function of excitation location with ranging frequency range (50-400) Hz of the introduced acoustic. Tests are separately conducted in two sections, open type wind tunnels at the Reynolds number of 3.3x105 for measurement at angle of attack (0, 3, 6, 9 &12) deg. and 3x104 for the visualization at angle of attack (12) deg. based on the airfoil chord. Results indicated that the excitation frequency and the excitation location are the key parameters to alter the flow properties and thus to improve the aerodynamic performance. The most effective excitation frequency
... Show MoreThe compound chalcon originally is extracted form some plant and herbs, the studies of the antiviral activity of this compound were done in two cell line cultures the L2OB and RD, the compound relatively non toxic to both cell lines of the concentration of 32?g/ml or less ,the compound have significantly anti poliovirus activity in both L2OB cell line and RD cell line, we find that the concentration of 0.03 ?g/ml or more inhibit the 100TCDID50 of the poliovirus .The therapeutic index(TI)used in this study to evaluate the drug activity ,( TI is the ratio of dose of drug which is just toxic to the cells to the does which is just inhibit the viral multiplication, if this index more than one the margin of safety of drug is according great ) .In
... Show MoreExperimental measurements of viscosity and thermal conductivity of single layer of graphene . based DI-water nanofluid are performed as a function of concentrations (0.1-1wt%) and temperatures between (5 to 35ºC). The result reveals that the thermal conductivity of GNPs nanofluids was increased with increasing the nanoparticle weight fraction concentration and temperature, while the maximum enhancement was about 22% for concentration of 1 wt.% at
35ºC. These experimental results were compared with some theoretical models and a good agreement between Nan’s model and the experimental results was observed. The viscosity of the graphene nanofluid displays Newtonian and Non-Newtonian behaviors with respect to nanoparticles concen
The present work aims to study the combustion characteristics related to syngas-diesel dual-fuel engine operates at lambda value of 1.6 operated by five different replacement ratios (RR) of syngas with diesel, which are (10%, 20%, 30 %, 40 % and 50%). ANSYS Workbench (CFD) was used for simulating the combustion of the syngas-diesel dual-fuel engine. The numerical simulations were carried out on the Ricardo-Hydra diesel engine. The simulation results revealed that the diesel engine’s combustion efficiency was enhanced by increasing the diesel replacement with Syngas fuel. The diesel engine’s combustion efficiency The peak in-cylinder temperature was enhanced from 915.9K to 2790.5K
Abstract
This research aims to study human error effects in the banking risks in the private banks through the measurement and testing of human error effect in every kind of banking risks types and stand on the most closely associated with the risks in order to focus on them and make appropriate processors have with respect to and increase the availability of skills and expertise required to carry out banking operations of error-free manner.
Find dealt with human error in terms of meaning and understandable, classifications and types, causes and consequences and its approaches and theories. Also addressed placed banking risks in terms of meaning and concept, species and entr
... Show MoreThis paper presents a comparative study between different oil production enhancement scenarios in the Saadi tight oil reservoir located in the Halfaya Iraqi oil field. The reservoir exhibits poor petrophysical characteristics, including medium pore size, low permeability (reaching zero in some areas), and high porosity of up to 25%. Previous stimulation techniques such as acid fracturing and matrix acidizing have yielded low oil production in this reservoir. Therefore, the feasibility of hydraulic fracturing stimulation and/or horizontal well drilling scenarios was assessed to increase the production rate. While horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing can improve well performance, they come with high costs, often accounting for up t
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