Although the events of September 2001 marked the United States' employment of solid forces in its direct comprehensive strategy to counter terrorist organizations and any other challenges to US national security, the United States did not lose sight of the importance of the cultural variable. The cultural variable is the United States' most important instrument of soft power in ensuring its dominance of the international system and promoting its global project. France viewed US soft power as a threat to its own civilizational pattern. Therefore, France considers culture to be an inherent component of its national personality and a cornerstone of its international standing as a major force. Additionally, the US-French political and economic rivalry in Africa, regarded by France as its most important region of national security, has escalated. The developments have contributed to years-long historical rivalry and tension between France and the United States since the 1960s over many contentious issues, including the US position on the political rights of the French-controlled Indochinese and African peoples.As Charles de Gaulle assumed power in France in the early 1950s, France moved to take steps against NATO. De Gaulle demanded in 1958 that France be given more autonomy and freedom than the other members, especially in nuclear armament, and powers similar to those of the UK and the US with regard to NATO-managing strategies. These claims and invitations prompted the US reservation in the late 1950s. Therefore, this study aims to define comprehensive strategy and soft power, identify the manifestations of US soft power towards France, investigate the US practices on the French perception of soft power and cultural variables, and examine the effects of the said US strategies and powers on France's international interests and its strategic action in the world order and NATO.
Abstract
The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using the self-questioning strategy on the achievement of fourth-grade students in science and the development of their reflective thinking in physics in the city of Baghdad. The research sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group of (20) students and a control group of (20) students. The researchers developed two tools: a test of (40) multiple-choice questions. The second tool is a test to measure the reflective thinking skills of fourth-grade students. It consists of (25) multiple-choice questions distributed on skills as follow: reflection and observation, detection of inaccuracies, reaching conclusions, giving clear explanations, an
... Show MoreThe technology and modern social communication medias have contributed to changing many of our concepts about education to a large extent; these technological advancements have created new challenges for the Instructor of course, but on the other hand it did provided him with expressive media, models and strategies that the old methods cannot fulfill, including the flipped classroom strategy, which is one of the modern technical solutions and in it's optimal use it can correct the weakness of the traditional education and can develop the communication skills as a whole among the students, in order to create a positive, active and interactive student.
The current research contained - four chapters: the first one included the methodolog
Witnessing human societies with the turn of the century atheist twenty huge revolution in information , the result of scientific and technological developments rapidly in space science and communications , and that made the whole world is like a small village not linked by road as it was in ancient times, through the rapid transportation as was the case a few years ago , thanks to the remote sensing devices that roam in space observant everything on the ground , that the information networks that overflowed the world a tremendous amount of information provided for each inhabitants of the earth , which made this information requirement for human life and human survival and well-being , as it has allowed that information to humans opportun
... Show MoreThe duty of care is the essence of the error of negligence under the English legal system, and without it, responsibility for negligence cannot be judged, regardless of the extent of the damage incurred. contained in English law. In view of the importance of proving the existence of the duty of care on the defendant so that it is possible to judge his responsibility for negligence, the need arises to find a general principle to which the defendant is subject in order to decide whether he owes the plaintiff with the duty of care and therefore responsible for the negligence, and this is what we will explain in the research topic the study.
Since the human being knew simulation as an expressive style of expressing himself which developed into dramatic arts that have their aesthetic uniqueness involving their own constructive techniques, the art of the theatre had a pioneering role in the development of the human awareness of himself. That’s why it was and still is in all its aesthetic manifestations a free space for the self –disclosure thus man has been simulated as he is the main theme of the existence and its main wealth. Thus the interest in the child's theatre began, because this theatrical pattern has its effectiveness in the construction of the human self and enabling it to be a productive source for a life that accommodates and elevates the human action t
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لقد انبثقت رؤيا حديثة في مسرح الثمانينات من القرن العشرين كان هدفها دحر حس الاسر الذي عاشه انسان العصر الحديث وفي محاولة للارتقاء بارادته وحرية الاختيار نحو الانعتاق من محاولات المصادرة الفظة لها. وبالرغم من افتراض هذه الرؤيا انها ذات طابع سلبي, الا ان رؤيا الانتحار قدعدت بانها قادرة على ان تجعل في متناول يد الانسان احساسا طموحا بالتحكم على الاقل بنوع النهاية التي يكتبها لحياته. وقد انعكست هذة الرؤيا ال
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The government of Iraq states that despite the massive amounts invested in the power generating sector, the country has been plagued by power outages for more than three decades; One of the most common sources of the problem and significant impact on the waste of public funds in contractual processes. The Ministry of Planning issued the sectorial
specialized standard bidding documents (SSBD) of Design, Supply, and Installation of the Electromechanical Works (DSIoEW), which is primarily designed to support the Ministry of Electricity (MoE) by developing economic projects to improve the contractual process that led to raisings Iraqi electricity generation field. The research evaluates the impact of
applying the SSBD-DSIoEW for
(2)
The idea of ech fuzzy soft bi-closure space ( bicsp) is a new one, and its basic features are defined and studied in [1]. In this paper, separation axioms, namely pairwise, , pairwise semi-(respectively, pairwise pseudo and pairwise Uryshon) - fs bicsp's are introduced and studied in both ech fuzzy soft bi-closure space and their induced fuzzy soft bitopological spaces. It is shown that hereditary property is satisfied for , with respect to ech fuzzy soft bi-closure space but for other mentioned types of separations axioms, hereditary property satisfies for closed subspaces of ech fuzzy soft bi-closure space.