The objective of study was determining the most prevalent Salmonella spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility in broilers and laying chickens and their feed and drinking water in five chicken farms in Karbala, Iraq over the period from August to October 2020. A total of 289 samples, including 217 cloaca swabs, 46 water and 26 feed samples were collected. Salmonella spp. was identified firstly by routine diagnostic methods, followed by applying the API 20E kit, the Vitek2 system, and serology. There was significant differences in Salmonella prevalence among different types of samples, mainly cloaca swabs reported a high isolation rate (21.7%). In contrast, feed samples were completely free of contamination. The highest rate of isolation was in September on the 4th to 6th weeks of age. The presence of different Salmonella types in the collected samples excludes the possibility of outbreak occurrence among these farms. However, many isolates were diagnosed as S. paratyphi B. The tested isolates were 100% resistant to Ampicillin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin. By contrast, they were susceptible to Ceftazidime, Cefepime, and Ertapenem. The study provides an insight into the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. circulating in several poultry farms in Karbala, Iraq.
The current research deals with the study of aesthetic relations in the field of interior design and the extent to which its mechanisms achieve sensory stimulation between the internal and external spaces, to generate a continuous visual connection that is an extension of it, achieving in turn sensory stimulation for the users of those spaces. The internal and external spaces meet the desired purpose of feeling pleasure and beauty.” The current research aims to “discover the nature of aesthetic relations between the internal and external spaces and the extent to which mechanisms can achieve sensory stimulation in residential spaces.” The first topic included the concept of aesthetic relations, sensory excitement, and perception at
... Show MoreSchiff bases of Ceftizoxime sodium were synthesized in an attempt to improve the antimicrobial spectrum of Ceftizoxime. Aminothiazole ring of Ceftizoxime is linked directly through an imino group to different aromatic aldehydes reacted by nucleophilic addition using trimethylamine (TEA), as a catalyst and refluxed in methanol. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated for such Schiff bases using disc diffusion method. Molecular docking was conducted on certain penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and carboxypeptidases using 1- click docking software. Schiff bases of Ceftizoxime were prepared with reasonable yields and their chemical structures were confirmed by spectral analysis (FTIR, 1H-NMR) and elemental microanalysis (CHNS). The antibacter
... Show MoreIsatin (1H-indole-2, 3-dione) and its analogs are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. N-benzyl isatins and Schiff bases of isatin analogs have been reported to demonstrate a variety of biological activities. This work illustrates the synthesis of new N-benzylisatin Schiff bases and studies their biological activity. Firstly, Isatin and its analogs; 5-methoxyisatin, 5-fluoroisatin reacted with benzyl iodide to obtain N-benzylated derivatives of isatins 2 (ac). Secondly, these compounds were reacted with different amines (sulphanilamide and 4-methyl sulphonyl aniline) separately, to obtain Schiff bases compounds 3 (ac) and 4 (ac), respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The s
... Show MoreIn this work, a series of new maleimides linked to substituted benzothiazole moiety were synthesized. Synthesis of these new cyclic imides were performed via three steps, the first one involved preparation of a series of 2-aminobenzothiazole substituted with different substituents via reaction of different primary aromatic amines with ammonium thiocyanate and bromine in glacial acetic acid. The prepared 2- amino benzothiozoles were introduced in the second step in reaction with maleic anhydride producing a series of N-(substituted benzothiazole-2-yl) maleamic acids.The resulted maleamic acids were dehydrated in the third step via treatment with acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate to afford a series of the desirable N-(substitu
... Show MoreTwo compounds,[2-amino-4-(4-nitro phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(4) and [2-amino-4-(4-bromo phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(5), were synthesized by refluxing thiourea (1) with each of para-ntiro and para-bomophanacyl bromides(2) and (3) respectively, in absolute methanol. Then, by reaction of [5] with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded (6) .On the other hand, reaction of (4) with chloroacetyl chloride in dry benzene afforded (7), which is upon treatment with thiourea in absolute methanol, af
... Show MoreBovine milk is one of the richest nutrients that contain minerals and vitamins that enhance immunity, especially in children, but because many children do not want to drink the raw milk, therefore this study aimed to enhance the sensory characteristics of raw milk by using hibiscus plant extract, which is characterized by red color and distinctive flavor as well as studying the effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, by using three concentrations of the aqueous extract (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%), where the statistical results showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the concentrations in color, texture and general acceptance, and the best results appeared when using
... Show MoreThe current research seeks to identify the most important humanitarian issues of a sacred and very important group in all the heavenly religions and human societies, namely the elderly, to identify their significant problems and health problems, and What are the effects of these problems on their mental health and which is the ultimate goal of human resources in All parts of the world? The study relied on what is available from the sources in the literature starting from the messages of heaven and the Islamic religion followed with humanitarian, social, legal and psychological postulates. The research included four systematic chapters included the definition research and identification of the problem, importance, objectives and terminolo
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