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Species Identification and Management of Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomatoes in Central Iraq
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is acknowledged worldwide as one of the major vegetable crops, as is the case in Iraq. This research in 2024 was designed to recognize the species of Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) in central Iraq, assess its distribution, and study the level of susceptibility of 5 tomato varieties (SPEEDY, GS-12, SUPER LUX, TALA, and JUDIVIS). Since there is a threat of chemical nematicides, a greenhouse study was performed to evaluate other control methods, such as the use of organic fertilizers and the extract of nettles (Urtica dioica). Root-knot nematode (RKN) species consisting of Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica were found in Baghdad, while only M. incognita was found in Babil. Molecular identification confirmed M. javanica in both Baghdad and Babil. Among the tomato cultivars, GS-12, TALA, JUDIVIS, and SUPER LUX, the Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) galling index and the degree of susceptibility in root galling were significantly different. GS-12 was the most susceptible and had a galling index of 3.60, then TALA had a galling index of 3.20, and JUDIVIS had a galling index of 2.40. SUPER LUX had high resistance with an index of 2.20. GS-12 also had the most nematode reproduction with 144 juveniles + eggs/100 cm³ Soil, while TALA and SPEEDY had 81, which were much lower. Plant growth also differed in the varieties. TALA had the highest increase in stem height, which was 38.5 cm, while SUPER LUX had the highest fresh Weight of 7.0 g. The nematode-fungal infection of the plants was significantly lower in the alternative treatments. The most efficacious of the options provided was Urtica dioica (galling index 2.0), followed by sheep manure (2.2) and then cattle manure (2.4). Listed poultry manure was still less efficacious (3.2) and did not vary statistically from the control group (3.6). These results illustrate the potential for cultivar-specific targeting of RKNs and underscore the potential of both Urtica dioica and organic-based fertilizers for sustainable management of tomatoes. This study provided advances in the discipline of Plant Sciences, focusing on the integration of phytopathology and the science of protective agriculture.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2009
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Seasonal abundances of adult fly species on the exposed carcasses in Baghdad City
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Lexical Bundles: Identification and Distinguishing Features
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It is not often  easy to identify a certain group of words as a lexical bundle, since the same set of words can be, in different situations, recognized as idiom,  a collocation, a lexical phrase or a lexical bundle. That is, there are many cases where the overlap among the four types is plausible. Thus, it is important to extract the most identifiable and distinguishable characteristics with which a certain group of words, under certain conditions, can be recognized as a lexical bundle, and this is the task of this paper.

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Engineering In Computer Science
Human biometric identification: Application and evaluation
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The supervisory role of the central bank in the protection of commercial banks: An applied research in the Economy Bank for Investment and Finance
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Represents a supervisory and oversight role of the Central Bank  towards finding a sober banking sector, as the procedures , regulations and laws that the Central Bank insists on its implementation with the utmost precision, and that was to protect depositors and shareholders' class basis rights, but it is in the interest of the bank in the end, as it seeks to improve the performance of commercial banks and vaccinated against falling into the blunders, they also contribute to building a sober and stable banking sector and security contributes to the welfare and employment optimization of economic resources, and treatment of research (and the presence of banks decline in financial performance, according to financial performance indic

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 21 2022
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
New Record of the Species Margarinotus punctiventer, Marseul, 1854 (Histeridae, Coleoptera) with Forensic Study from Sulaymaniyah, City Iraq.
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 23 2022
Journal Name
Neuroquantology2
New record of the species Hydroteae crytoneurina (Zetterstdt, 1845) (Diptera, Muscidae) with forensic study from Sulaymaniyah City-Iraq
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Medical waste management in Al-Kut City
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This research investigates solid waste management in Al-Kut City. It included the collection of medical and general solid waste generated in five hospitals different in their specialization and capacity through one week, starting from 03/02/2012. Samples were  collected and analyzed periodically to find their generation rate, composition, and physical properties. Analysis results indicated that generation rate ranged between (1102 – 212) kg / bed / day, moisture content and density were (19.0 % - 197 kg/ m3) respectively for medical waste and (41%-255 kg/ m3) respectively for general waste. Theoretically, medical solid waste generated in Al-Kut City (like any other city), affected by capacity, number of patients in a day, and hosp

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
4th International Conference On Distributed Sensing And Intelligent Systems (icdsis 2023)
EcoSavvy: revolutionizing waste management in smart cities
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 14 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Efficient Cost Management in the Housing Projects
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The cost management of cost indicators in housing projects, on the level of planning and design, is the most important quality indicators, for adoption of strategies of planning and design efficient in managing these indicators. So this research points out the need to highlight the most effective and influential cost indicators in housing projects, and to determine strategies in the management of these indicators in order to raise the efficiency of housing projects quality, to seemly the income level target group, taking into consideration the quality of housing standards, to achieve the basic requirements of housing. This paper highlights the importance of the cost  management, the types of housing cost, the method

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Pure And Applied Microbiology
Antibiotic Resistance of Isolated Gram Negative Bacilli from Different Clinical Sample in a Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatric in Baghdad
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The number of infections caused by microorganisms is increasing significantly over the last few years. A total of 140 patients admitted to the central teaching hospital of pediatrics from the 1st of Jun 2017 to 31 October 2017. The Clinical samples was processed from culture and sensitivity testing. Antibiotic discs used for gram negative isolates. The most prevalent gram negative isolates included Escherichia coli 63 (45.0 %), Pseudomonas spp. 21 (15.0 %), Klebsiella spp. 19 (13.6 %) predominantly. Escherichia coli were the most prevalent isolates from urine 45 (71.4 %), Klebsiella spp. 11 (57.9 %) and Enterobacter spp. 11 (68.8 %) followed by Escherichia coli 10 (15.9 %) predominant from blood. 68 (48.6 %) of specimens were urine, 47 (33.

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