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Optimal Variational Iteration Method for Solving Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations Appeared in Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Physics and applied mathematics form the basis for understanding natural phenomena using differential equations depicting the flow in porous media, the motion of viscous liquids, and the propagation of waves. These equations provide a thorough study of physical processes, enhancing the understanding of complex applications in engineering, technology, and medicine. This paper presents novel approximate solutions for the Darcy-Brinkmann-Forchheimer moment equation, the Blasius equation and the FalknerSkan equation with initial / boundary conditions by using two iterative methods: the variational iteration method and the optimal variational iteration method. The variational iteration method is effectively developed by adding a control parameter to enhance the convergence speed and prevent large-scale divergence. The influence of physical parameters on the accuracy of the solution was also analyzed, since it was noted that increasing some parameters improves accuracy, while increasing others leads to a decrease the accuracy. Also, the convergence of the proposed methods has been discussed and proved. Moreover, comparison was made with some approximate methods available in the literature were used the operational matrices methods include: Bernstein's method (BOM), Bernoulli's method (BrOM), and the shifted Legendre’s method (LOM). Furthermore, the maximum values of the residual error were computed for the proposed methods and others operational matrices methods for different cases. The results demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of the optimal variational iteration method in solving nonlinear ordinary differential equations in comparison to other methods. All calculations in this paper were made using the Mathematica®14 software.

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation-and Spectroscopic Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes with Schiff base 2-[1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylimino) methyl]naphthalene-1-ol
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The ligand 2-[1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylimino) methyl]naphthalene-1-ol, derived from 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde and 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamine, was used to produce a new sequence of metal ions complexes. Thus ligand reactions with NiCl2.6H2O, PdCl2, FeCl3.6H2O and H2PtCl6.6H2O were sequentially made to collect mono-nuclear Ni(II), Pd(II), Fe (III), and Pt(IV). (IR or FTIR), Ultraviolet Reflective (UV–visible), Mass Spectra analysis, Bohr-magnetic (B.M.), metal content, chloride content and molar conductivity have been the defining features of the composites. The Fe(III) and Pt(IV) complexes have octahedral geometries, while the Ni(II) complex has tetra

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 05 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Heavy Metal Complexes of 1, 2, 3-Triazole derivative: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Appraisal Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines (MDA-MB-231)
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     New chelating ligand derived from triazole and its complexes with metal ions Rhodium, Platinum and Gold were synthesized. Through a copper (I)-catalyzed click reaction, the ligand produced 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between 2,6-bis((prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) methyl) pyridine and 1-azidododecane. All structures of these new compounds were rigorously characterized in the solid state using spectroscopic techniques like: 1HNMR, 13CNMR, Uv-Vis, FTIR, metal and elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements at room temperature, it was found that the ligand acts as a penta and tetradentate chelate through N3O2, N2O2, and the geometry of the new complex

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 17 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Biological Study of Schiff–Mannich Base Derived from 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole as Chelated Tridentate Ligand with Some Transition Metal Ions Complexes
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To prepare a new ligand, many compounds were used to synthesize Schiff-Mannich base, such as isatin, Para chloro Aniline, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and indole. The resulting compound 1-((2-((1H-indol-1-ylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol1-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenylimino)indolin-2-one (L). (L) was used to create a series of metal ion complexes with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Pd (II), Pt (IV), and Au (III). C.H.N.S., FTIR, mass spectra UV-ViS, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, magnetic moment, and molar conductivity were used to characterize all of these compounds. Except for the palladium(II) and gold(III) complexes, all of the produced complexes had an octahedral geometry, according to the data. The antibacterial activity of the produced compounds was tested by usin

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 13 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Three Different Obturation Techniques to Obturate the Isthmus Area of Roots Canals Prepared by Two Different Instrumentation Techniques (An In Vitro Study)
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Background: The isthmus is a difficult area in the root canal complex to manage. The research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of three different obturation techniques (lateral condensation, EandQ (thermoplasticized gutta percha system) and Soft Core (thermoplasticized core carrier gutta percha system)) to obturate the isthmus area of roots prepared by two different instrumentation techniques (rotary ProTaper universal and ProTaper Next systems). Material and method: Sixty freshly extracted teeth were randomly divided into two main groups (A and B) of 30 teeth each. Group A was prepared by rotary ProTaper Universal whereas group B was prepared by ProTaper Next system. Each main group was then randomly subdivided into three subgroups of 10 t

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Selection of the initial value of the time series generating the first-order self-regression model in simulation modeAnd their impact on the accuracy of the model
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In this paper, compared eight methods for generating the initial value and the impact of these methods to estimate the parameter of a autoregressive model, as was the use of three of the most popular methods to estimate the model and the most commonly used by researchers MLL method, Barg method  and the least squares method and that using the method of simulation model  first order autoregressive through the design of a number of simulation experiments and the different sizes of the samples.

                  

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Dec 15 2019
Journal Name
Al-academy
Artistic Integration of Aesthetic Manifestations in the Andalusian Islamic Style into the Interior Architecture (Mansour Laalaj's Door / Meknes a Case Study): شهريار عبد القادر محمود -سعد جرجيس
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The Islamic architectural heritage constitutes a civilized fortune that has to be preserved and protected and work should be done to maintain its development to be more convenient for the circumstances of the age and the civilization transformations. Due to the fact that architecture represents the civilization pot and cultural identity, its originality has to be preserved and work has to be done to prevent the strange architectural invasion that changes its character and make it lose the identity and the character and detached from its roots and environment.    

Decoration, in the interior design, as a concept is connected to ornamentation process of interior spaces, which is a process of adding certain items

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 20 2017
Journal Name
Anglisticum.
The Pragmatic Argumentation of Discourse Markers in English Academic Writing: A Corpus-Based Analysis الحجة التداولية لعلامات الخطاب في الكتابة الأكاديمية الإنكليزية: تحليل يعتمد على البيانات المحوسبة
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Academic writing is a key skill for success in academic life, particularly for graduate students of a foreign language. The importance of writing to academic culture, practice, and knowledge building has led to a great deal of research in many fields, including rhetoric and composition, linguistics, applied linguistics, and English for Academic Purposes (EAP). Often, studies and research investigating academic writing are motivated by the need to inform the learning of writing to native and non-native English-speaking students, through both descriptions of professional academic writing as well as through comparisons of novice writer (native and non-native Englishspeaking) and expert production. However, while learning about academic writing

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 11 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Degree of Student Teachers Acquisition at Sultan Qaboos University in Skills of Teaching Arabic via A Virtual Micro-Teaching Lab Based on their Point of View
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The study aims to investigate the degree of student teachers at Sultan Qaboos University acquired skills in teaching Arabic via a virtual micro-teaching lab, as well as to reveal the difficulties they faced and their development proposals. To do this, the researchers developed a questionnaire divided into four dimensions: planning, implementation, evaluation, and

ethical values for the teaching profession, in addition to two open-ended questions to identify difficulties and suggestions. It was administered to (30) student teachers. The results revealed that the average degree of student-teacher acquisition of skills was high in its four dimensions. It ranged between (39.2) to (82.2), while the overall average was (56.2).

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Hidden messages in (Pour un oui ou pour un non) of Nathalie Sarraute: Les messages cachés dans "Pour un oui ou pour un non" de Nathalie Sarraute
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       The implicit is the narrative technique used to give indirect hidden messages. To read between the lines means to understand the implicit meaning that is not directly indicated. This technique is expressed in two forms: the hypothesis and the implications of linguistic and non-linguistic rules. Nathalie Sarraute’s "Pour un oui ou pour un non" states this narrative method through her character’s verbal and non-verbal dialogue. The present paper discusses the implicit method and shows the reason behind which  the author uses it in her play "Pour un oui ou pour un non".

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Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Studying the effect of institutional pressures on the attitudes of the managers of small enterprises in Thi-Qar province toward intention continuance environmental disposal of e-waste
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       Currently, there is no established of e-waste treatment in Thi- Qar province, while their creating is increasing every year. It has been well- known that e-waste is a source of environmental degrading and their placement in landfills increases the irreversible climate change. A research model has been developed to link three components: coercive pressure, normative influence, and mimicry, then study their effect on e-waste adopt and continuance intentions. The model was validated using data collected from a field survey of 92 managers of small enterprises in Thi-Qar province.  A questionnaire was developed to collect data. It contains five major variables, exemplify by fourteen items. Als

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