Objective. Glass-ionomer and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements are versatile materials with the ability to form a direct bond with tooth tissues. The aim of this study was to formulate a novel class of dental bio-interactive restorative material (pRMGIC) based on resin-modified glass-ionomer cements via the inclusion of an organophosphorus monomer, ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate, with a potential to improve the mechanical properties and also function as a reparative restorative material. Methods. pRMGIC was formulated with modification of the resin phase by forming mixes of ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP; 0–40%wt) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate monomer into the liquid phase of a RMGIC (Fuji II LC, GC Corp.). The physical properties of the cements were determined including setting characteristics, compressive strength and modulus (CS &CM), microhardness (MH) and biaxialflexural strength (BFS). Fluid uptake and fluoride release were assessed up to 60 days storage. Adhesion to sound dentine was measured using micro-tensile bond strength and surface integrity was analysed using SEM coupled with EDX. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results. The pRMGIC cements exhibited an increase in working time with increasing EGMP concentration however were within the limits of standard clinical requirements. Although the compressive strength of pRMGIC cements were comparable to control cements in the early stages of maturation, the higher EGMP-containing cements (EGMP30 and 40) exhibited significantly greater values (p < 0.05) after 4 weeks storage (141.0 ± 9 and 140.4 ± 8 MPa, respectively), in comparison to EGMP0 (128.8 ± 7 MPa). A dramatic two fold increase in biaxial flexural strength (p < 0.001) was observed for the pRMGIC’s. Furthermore, the ability to decalcify tooth apatite resulted in enhanced interfacial adhesion due to chelation with calcium ions of tooth apatite. The inclusion of EGMP encouraged formation of reinforcing complexes within the RMGIC, thus improving physical properties, decreasing solubility and lower fluoride release. A dense microstructure was observed with increasing EGMP content. Significance. A novel universal bio-interactive adhesive repair material will enable clinicians to offer more effective repair of the tooth-restoration complex, thus future treatments will benefit both patient and a severely constrained healthcare budget.
Background: A Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement (TMJID) is a disruption within the internal aspects of the TMJ in which the disc is displaced from its normal functional relationship with the mandibular condyle, after which the articular portion of the temporal bone causes joint dysfunction, joint sound, malocclusion, and locking of the mouth. Conservative and invasive techniques can be used for the treatment of TMJID. A platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is a simple, less invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of internal derangement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP injections in decreasing or eliminating pain, clicking, and limitation of mouth opening in patients with TMJID after th
... Show MoreThis research aims to identify how organizational compatibility, which represents the independent variable, affects higher performance, which is considered a dependent variable, given the importance of these variables in industrial organizations and their clear impact on their stability, survival, and growth in the light of changing environmental challenges. Where the practical research problem was represented by the weakness of awareness of the importance toward organizational compatibility and its dimensions (organizational loyalty, organizational similarity, affiliation or membership, compatibility with goals, and compatibility with values), which is meant by the individual's compatibility with the organization in which he/she w
... Show MoreBackground:sThe aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the ability of three different techniques to obdurate simulated lateral canals, evaluate the effect of the main canal curvature on obturation of lateral canals and compare the gutta-percha penetration between coronal and apical lateral canals. Materials and methods: Resin blocks with 30 straight and 30 curved were used in this study. Each canal has two parallel lateral canals. The main canal has 0.3 mm apical diameter and 0.04 taper. The canals were divided into six groups according to canal curvature and obturation techniques used (n=10): Groups C1 and C2: straight and curved canals obturated with continuous wave technique using E&Q masterTM system. Groups O1 and O2: straight
... Show MoreObjectives: The study aims to identify the effects of an educational program on patients’ knowledge about vascular access care and to find out the relationship between patients knowledge scores and their selected demographic variable. &
... Show MoreEuphemisms are advantageous in people’s social life by turning sensitive into a more acceptable ones so that resentful feelings and embarrassment can be avoided. This study investigates the ability of Iraqi English learners in using euphemistic expressions, meanwhile, raising their awareness and the faculty members in English teaching faculties regarding the relevance of discussing the topics that demand euphemisation. This study comprised three stages: initial test, explicit instruction with activities, and a final test for the students’ development in this domain. A test has been distributed among 50 respondents, who are at the fourth year of their undergraduate study at the University of Babylon/ College of Basic Education. The lo
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Statistical control charts are widely used in industry for process and measurement control . in this paper we study the use of markov chain approach in calculating the average run length (ARL) of cumulative sum (Cusum) control chart for defect the shifts in the mean of process , and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts for defect the shifts for process mean and , the standard deviation . Also ,we used the EWMA charts based on the logarithm of the sample variance for monitoring a process standard deviation when the observations (products are selected from al_mamun factory ) are identically and independently distributed (iid) from normal distribution in continuous manufacturing .
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The problem of research on the study of political debate programs in the Iraqi satellite channels, in the "People decide" program by Afaq channel and " electoral competition " by Fallujah channel), and its importance for the community and researchers in the scientific field, as new programs to enter the Iraqi media after we have been the world media a lot in this area at the academic and practical levels (The field), and seeks to find out what the technical construction of the programs of political debates in Iraqi satellite channels and methods of construction and methods of employment used by the technical elements in the presentation of the programs and The study adopted the surve |
The news media material to any means of mass media, and increasingly
important in TV; what the associated word and image effects, which do different cover events (political, economic, sports, and social .... etc.) directly from the event site and gather the news and do prepared formulation and arranged within the framework provided by the newsletter, as it requires the viewer to provide the public with information about this news correlated; to achieve the greatest gravity following the shapes and styles and technical fees (Alkraveks) during the submission. What we are witnessing today from technological developments help existing staff to cover the news activity quickly and efficiently prohibitivel
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