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Comparison of Clinico-Pathological Presentations of Triple-Negative versus Triple-Positive and HER2 Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients
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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among the Iraqi population. Affected patients exhibit different clinical behaviours according to the molecular subtypes of the tumour. AIM: To identify the clinical and pathological presentations of the Iraqi breast cancer subtypes identified by Estrogen receptors (ER), Progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2 expressions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study comprised 486 Iraqi female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. ER, PR and HER2 contents of the primary tumours were assessed through immunohistochemical staining; classifying the patients into five different groups: Triple Negative (ER/PR negative/HER2 negative), Triple Positive (ER/PR positive/HER2 positive), Luminal A (ER/PR positive/HER2 negative), HER2 enriched ((ER/PR negative/HER2 positive) and all other subtypes. RESULTS: The major registered subtype was the Luminal A which was encountered in 230 patients (47.3%), followed by the Triple Negative (14.6%), Triple Positive (13.6%) and HER2 Enriched (11.5%). Patients exhibiting the Triple Negative subtype were significantly younger than the rest of the groups and presented with larger size tumours. A significant difference in the distribution of the breast cancer stages was displayed (p < 0.05); the most advanced were noted among those with HER2 enriched tumours who exhibited the highest frequency of poorly differentiated carcinomas and lymph node involvement. CONCLUSION: The most significant variations in the clinicopathological presentations were observed in the age and clinical stage of the patients at diagnosis. Adoption of breast cancer molecular subtype classification in countries with limited resources could serve as a valuable prognostic marker in the management of aggressive forms of the disease.

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 05 2022
Journal Name
Mathematical Methods In The Applied Sciences
Double‐diffusive convection on peristaltic flow of hyperbolic tangent nanofluid in non‐uniform channel with induced magnetic field
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Consequence of thermal and concentration convection on peristaltic pumping of hyperbolic tangent nanofluid in a non‐uniform channel and induced magnetic field is discussed in this article. The brief mathematical modeling, along with induced magnetic field, of hyperbolic tangent nanofluid is given. The governing equations are reduced to dimensionless form by using appropriate transformations. Exact solutions are calculated for temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, and concentration. Numerical technique is manipulated to solve the highly non‐linear differential equations. The roll of different variables is graphically analyzed in terms of concentration, temperature, volume fraction of nanoparticles, axial induced magnetic fie

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Microchemical Journal
A flow analysis system integrating an optoelectronic detector for the quantitative determination of active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Improvement of the Fault Tolerance in IoT Based Positioning Systems by Applying for Redundancy in the Controller Layer
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In recent years, the positioning applications of Internet-of-Things (IoT) based systems have grown increasingly popular, and are found to be useful in tracking the daily activities of children, the elderly and vehicle tracking. It can be argued that the data obtained from GPS based systems may contain error, hence taking these factors into account, the proposed method for this study is based on the application of IoT-based positioning and the replacement of using IoT instead of GPS.  This cannot, however, be a reason for not using the GPS, and in order to enhance the reliability, a parallel combination of the modern system and traditional methods simultaneously can be applied. Although GPS signals can only be accessed in open spaces, GP

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Experimental In vitro Study to Assess the Antibacte-rial Activity of Thymus vulgaris Oil on Streptococ-cus Sanguinis
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Background: The Streptococcus genus are the predominant bacteria in the mouth and the Streptococcus sanguinis is one of them which performing a primary function for expansion of dental biofilm. Gingival and periodontal disorders are caused by dental biofilm, today, there is a necessity to discover naturally presenting antibacterial compounds from herbs with less side effects as a substitutive to the commonly handled chlorohexidine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of thymus vulgaris oil on Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria In vitro. Materials and Methods: Human supragingival plaque samples were taken from 10 subjects, then morphological and microscopical examination, bioch

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Artificial Intelligence (ij-ai)
Evaluation of massive multiple-input multiple-output communication performance under a proposed improved minimum mean squared error precoding
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<span lang="EN-US">The fundamental of a downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) energy- issue efficiency strategy is known as minimum mean squared error (MMSE) implementation degrades the performance of a downlink massive MIMO energy-efficiency scheme, so some improvements are adding for this precoding scheme to improve its workthat is called our proposal solution as a proposed improved MMSE precoder (PIMP). The energy efficiency (EE) study has also taken into mind drastically lowering radiated power while maintaining high throughput and minimizing interference issues. We further find the tradeoff between spectral efficiency (SE) and EE although they coincide at the beginning but later their interests become con

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measuring Operational Risk on according to International Requirements: An Applied Research in Bank of Baghdad- Private Shareholders Organization
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This research aims to study and evaluate the reality of the Iraqi banks in terms of how they cope with the risks of the banking business, specifically banking operational risks, and to develop a model integrated to define, identify, measure and mitigate the impact of these risks on according to the Basel Committee requirements II about the dangers of Alchgal.uchir major search to the presence of weak results in the Iraqi banks in understanding and defining and measuring operational risks and not hedged properly, which avoids those banks operating losses as well as the results show there is a shortage in the equation of capital adequacy applied by the Iraqi banks because of non-observance of the minimum capital required to counter the ris

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
FIRST RECORD IN IRAQ OF TANQUA ANOMALA (LINSTOW, 1904) FROM THE DICE SNAKE, NATRIX TESSELLATA TESSELLATA (LAURENTI, 1768)
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Tanqua anomala (von Linstow,1904) specimens were recovered, from the lining wall of the gastro-intestinal tract of the dice snake Natrix tessellate tessellate (Laurenti, 1768) collected in Baghdad city, central Iraq. Measurements of the males, females and a comparison of the nematode with other studies tabulated. Reporting of Tanqua anomala from this snake represents the first record for Iraq as well as a new host record.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2016
Journal Name
Environmental Technology
Remediation of groundwater contaminated with the lead–phenol binary system by granular dead anaerobic sludge-permeable reactive barrier
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 03 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Urban Land Use Changing on Green Area Neighborhoods No. 336 & 338 in Baghdad – Case Study
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The role of the green areas lies in being one of the systems that plays the vital role in achieving the environmental dimension besides the socio-cultural body and the economic dimension in the hidden value of ecosystem services. However, many developing countries are characterized by a state of low community environmental awareness, which coincides with the basic need for land for housing and other uses, to take precedence over nature protection strategies. In the absence of clear planning and long-term planning strategies, all this led to abuses and violations of urban land use. In Iraq, the situation became more apparent due to the political, security and social conditions that followed the year 2003. Hence, the resea

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2016
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The impact of the Qur'anic expression on the poetic picture In Oriental poetry in the eighth century AH
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This research deals with the poetic image of poets of the eighth century poetic, where they embodied the features of the religious life in which they live, and their impact on the Koranic text in the reflection of the image on their poems, where it becomes clear the ability of the poet at that stage to clarify the aesthetic components of the poetic text; Investigations, singled out the first topic: the analogy, and the second metaphorical picture, and the third: the picture.

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