Background: Periodontal diseases (PD) are common chronic inflammatory diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms colonizing the gingival area and inducing local and systemic elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in tissue destruction by a destructive inflammatory process. Stress was considered as one of the important risk factors that cause many inflammatory diseases including PD. The purpose of this study wasto determines and compares clinical periodontal parameters (PLI, GI and BOP), stress level and salivary IL-1? level among dental students before, during and after mid-year exam, also to find the correlation among stress, IL-1? and clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and methods: The sample was consisted of 24 dent

This paper presents the matrix completion problem for image denoising. Three problems based on matrix norm are performing: Spectral norm minimization problem (SNP), Nuclear norm minimization problem (NNP), and Weighted nuclear norm minimization problem (WNNP). In general, images representing by a matrix this matrix contains the information of the image, some information is irrelevant or unfavorable, so to overcome this unwanted information in the image matrix, information completion is used to comperes the matrix and remove this unwanted information. The unwanted information is handled by defining {0,1}-operator under some threshold. Applying this operator on a given ma

     The specimens of Camponotusxerxes Forel, 1904 were collected from different localities in Iraq; the purpose of morphological study of this species in details throughout the present study.

     The description was based on major workers belonging to this species, also some notes of polymorphism in workers have been mentioned; the most important of morphological features are illustrated and figured.

N-Benzylidene m-nitrobenzeneamines (Schiff bases) were prepared by condensation of m-nitroaniline with aromatic aldehydes. These Schiff bases were found to react with maleic anhydride to give 2-Aryl-3-(m-nitrophenyl)-2, 3-dihydro [1, 3] oxazepine–4, 7–diones and with phthalic anhydride to give 2-Aryl-3–(m-nitrophenyl)–2, 3–dihydrobenz|| 1, 2-e|||| 1, 3] oxazepine–4, 7-diones which were reacted with pyrrolidine to give the anilide–pyrrolidides of maleic acid and phthalic acid.

Background: Interleukine-2 is a multifunctional cytokine, considered a central regulator of host resistance against a variety of pathogens and has been recently demonstrated to exert an active role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planning on level of IL-2 in serum and saliva of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, in relation to clinical parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 subjects were enrolled, of which 25 had chronic generalized periodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy subjects as control. The clinical parameters included: gingival index, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing. The level of

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airflow limitation that is preventable but not curable. It is associated with persistent symptoms that cause a considerable burden on individual productivity at work, and daily activities, and reduced quality of life, also burdening the healthcare system and society. Objectives: The study aims to measure the burden of COPD on patients in terms of daily activities and work productivity. It also seeks to investigate some inflammatory biomarkers' levels and their correlation with selected outcomes. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 120 stable COPD patients who were diagnosed and treated according to the GOLD guidelines at Kirkuk General Hospital's

Chitinase-3-like 1 protein (YKL-40) is a glycoprotein primarily produced in the arthritic joint and plays a crucial role in inflammatory processes. The aim of the study is to establish the role of YKL-40 as a biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to proinflammatory biomarkers and disease activity. The study included 58 patients and 18 control. Diseases activity score (DAS-28) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) were measured. Serum level of YKL-40, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1B (IL-1β), erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) were assessed. The results showed that the median serum YKL-40 level which was 5.42 

This work aims to optimize surface roughness, wall angle deviation, and average wall thickness as output responses of ALuminium-1050 alloy cone formed by the single point incremental sheet metal forming process. The experiments are accomplished based on the use of a mixed level Taguchi experimental design with an L18 orthogonal array. Six levels of step depth, three levels of tool diameter, feed rate, and tool rotational speed have been considered as input process parameters. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) have been used to investigate the significance of parameters and the effect of their levels for minimum surface roughness, minimum wall angle deviation, and maximum average wall thickness. The results indicate that step depth and tool r