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Influence of Sample Mixing Techniques on Engine Oil Contamination Analysis by Infrared Spectroscopy
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For the most reliable and reproducible results for calibration or general testing purposes of two immiscible liquids, such as water in engine oil, good emulsification is vital. This study explores the impact of emulsion quality on the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy calibration standards for measuring water contamination in used or in-service engine oil, in an attempt to strengthen the specific guidelines of ASTM International standards for sample preparation. By using different emulsification techniques and readily available laboratory equipment, this work is an attempt to establish the ideal sample preparation technique for reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility for FT-IR analysis while still considering the ease and efficiency of the technique. This study demonstrates that a stable emulsion within a sample, which depends heavily upon the method, provides a reliably consistent homogenous sample for quantification purposes with FT-IR analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) modeling and limit of detection calculations demonstrate the stability of the emulsion. The results reveal that setting a mixing time for a calibration standard depends on the emulsification process. Inserting a probe directly into a sample (direct sonication) allows for a rapid, stable emulsion with high reproducibility. Indirect sonication produces relatively non-miscible liquids of different densities. The pan-shaker produces a reasonably stable emulsion, but without the long-term stability or quick production time of direct sonication. Reaction time plays a critical role in the rotary mixing method, which leads to a slow development of emulsification.

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Publication Date
Wed May 15 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Rheological and Thermal Properties of Lubricating Oil Enhanced by the Effect of CuO and TiO2 Nano-Additives
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The specifications of lubricating oil are fundamentally the final product of materials that have been added for producing the desired properties. In this research, spherical nanoparticles copper oxide (CuO) and titanium oxides (TiO2) are added to SAE 15W40 engine oil to study the thermal conductivity, stability, viscosity of nano-lubricants, which are prepared at different concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight, and also their pour point, and flash point as five quality parameters. The obtained results show that CuO nanoparticles in all cases, give the best functionality and effect on engine oil with respect to TiO2. With 0.1 wt. % concentration, the thermal conductivity of CuO/oil and TiO2/

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2017
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The effects of Internet use on university’s students: “A Study on a Sample of Jordanian University’s students "
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The effects of Internet use on university’s students:The effects of Internet use on university’s students:“A Study on a Sample of Jordanian University’s students "This survey aims to identify the most important effects of Internet use on Jordanian public and private universities’ students by monitoring and analyzing a set of indicators that show the quality of the effects on specific fields such as  cultural, social, psychological, moral and political effects .To achieve these goals, the study attempts to answer the following questions:1.   What are the effects of Internet’s use on students?2. What is   the relationship between the effects and demographic variables such as  gender, age, family size an

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
Cover crop influence on soil water dynamics for a corn–soybean rotation
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Abstract<p>Crop production is reduced by insufficient and/or excess soil water, which can significantly decrease plant growth and development. Therefore, conservation management practices such as cover crops (CCs) are used to optimize soil water dynamics, since CCs can conserve soil water. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of CCs on soil water dynamics on a corn (<italic>Zea mays</italic> L.)–soybean [<italic>Glycine max</italic> (L.) Merr.] rotation at three soil depths over 3 yr. The study was conducted at the Chariton County Cover Crop Soil Health Research and Demonstration Farm (CCSH) in Missouri. Initial CC establishment occurred in 2012. Volumetric soil water </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Feb 24 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Health Problems for the Elderly and Their Influence on Their Psychological Health
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The current research seeks to identify the most important humanitarian issues of a sacred and very important group in all the heavenly religions and human societies, namely the elderly, to identify their significant problems and health problems, and What are the effects of these problems on their mental health and which is the ultimate goal of human resources in All parts of the world? The study relied on what is available from the sources in the literature starting from the messages of heaven and the Islamic religion followed with humanitarian, social, legal and psychological postulates. The research included four systematic chapters included the definition research and identification of the problem, importance, objectives and terminolo

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Simulation of Syngas Addition Effect on Emissions Characteristics, Combustion, and Performance of the Diesel Engine Working under Dual Fuel Mode and Lambda Value of 1.6.
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Abstract<p>The present work aims to study the combustion characteristics related to syngas-diesel dual-fuel engine operates at lambda value of 1.6 operated by five different replacement ratios (RR) of syngas with diesel, which are (10%, 20%, 30 %, 40 % and 50%). ANSYS Workbench (CFD) was used for simulating the combustion of the syngas-diesel dual-fuel engine. The numerical simulations were carried out on the Ricardo-Hydra diesel engine. The simulation results revealed that the diesel engine’s combustion efficiency was enhanced by increasing the diesel replacement with Syngas fuel. The diesel engine’s combustion efficiency The peak in-cylinder temperature was enhanced from 915.9K to 2790.5K </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 31 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Permeability Prediction and Facies Distribution for Yamama Reservoir in Faihaa Oil Field: Role of Machine Learning and Cluster Analysis Approach
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Empirical and statistical methodologies have been established to acquire accurate permeability identification and reservoir characterization, based on the rock type and reservoir performance. The identification of rock facies is usually done by either using core analysis to visually interpret lithofacies or indirectly based on well-log data. The use of well-log data for traditional facies prediction is characterized by uncertainties and can be time-consuming, particularly when working with large datasets. Thus, Machine Learning can be used to predict patterns more efficiently when applied to large data. Taking into account the electrofacies distribution, this work was conducted to predict permeability for the four wells, FH1, FH2, F

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2013
Journal Name
Spie Proceedings
BER performance enhancement for secure wireless communication systems based on chaotic-MIMO techniques
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The growing interest in the use of chaotic techniques for enabling secure communication in recent years has been motivated by the emergence of a number of wireless services which require the service provider to provide low bit error rates (BER) along with information security. This paper investigates the feasibility of using chaotic communications over Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) channels. While the use of Chaotic maps can enhance security, it is seen that the overall BER performance gets degraded when compared to conventional communication schemes. In order to overcome this limitation, we have proposed the use of a combination of Chaotic modulation and Alamouti Space Time Block Code. The performance of Chaos Shift Keying (CSK) wi

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
2012 International Conference On Radar, Communication And Computing (icrcc)
BER performance improvement for secure wireless communication systems based on CSK- STBC techniques
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There has been a growing interest in the use of chaotic techniques for enabling secure communication in recent years. This need has been motivated by the emergence of a number of wireless services which require the channel to provide very low bit error rates (BER) along with information security. This paper investigates the feasibility of using chaotic communications over Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channels by combining chaos modulation with a suitable Space Time Block Code (STBC). It is well known that the use of Chaotic Modulation techniques can enhance communication security. However, the performance of systems using Chaos modulation has been observed to be inferior in BER performance as compared to conventional communication

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Publication Date
Sat May 30 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
Fuzzy Nonparametric Regression Model Estimation Based on some Smoothing Techniques With Practical Application
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In this research, we use fuzzy nonparametric methods based on some smoothing techniques, were applied to real data on the Iraqi stock market especially the data about Baghdad company for soft drinks for the year (2016) for the period (1/1/2016-31/12/2016) .A sample of (148) observations was obtained in order to construct a model of the relationship between the stock prices (Low, high, modal) and the traded value by comparing the results of the criterion (G.O.F.) for three techniques , we note that the lowest value for this criterion was for the K-Nearest Neighbor at Gaussian function .

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2019
Journal Name
Research On Crops
Influence of foliar application of ascorbic acid and atonik on growth and yield of potato
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