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A survey on deep learning tools dealing with data scarcity: definitions, challenges, solutions, tips, and applications
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Abstract<p>Data scarcity is a major challenge when training deep learning (DL) models. DL demands a large amount of data to achieve exceptional performance. Unfortunately, many applications have small or inadequate data to train DL frameworks. Usually, manual labeling is needed to provide labeled data, which typically involves human annotators with a vast background of knowledge. This annotation process is costly, time-consuming, and error-prone. Usually, every DL framework is fed by a significant amount of labeled data to automatically learn representations. Ultimately, a larger amount of data would generate a better DL model and its performance is also application dependent. This issue is the main barrier for many applications dismissing the use of DL. Having sufficient data is the first step toward any successful and trustworthy DL application. This paper presents a holistic survey on state-of-the-art techniques to deal with training DL models to overcome three challenges including small, imbalanced datasets, and lack of generalization. This survey starts by listing the learning techniques. Next, the types of DL architectures are introduced. After that, state-of-the-art solutions to address the issue of lack of training data are listed, such as Transfer Learning (TL), Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Model Architecture (MA), Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN), and Deep Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (DeepSMOTE). Then, these solutions were followed by some related tips about data acquisition needed prior to training purposes, as well as recommendations for ensuring the trustworthiness of the training dataset. The survey ends with a list of applications that suffer from data scarcity, several alternatives are proposed in order to generate more data in each application including Electromagnetic Imaging (EMI), Civil Structural Health Monitoring, Medical imaging, Meteorology, Wireless Communications, Fluid Mechanics, Microelectromechanical system, and Cybersecurity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first review that offers a comprehensive overview on strategies to tackle data scarcity in DL.</p>
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Analysis of Recorded Inflow Data of Ataturk Reservoir
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Since the beginning of the last century, the competition for water resources has intensified dramatically, especially between countries that have no agreements in place for water resources that they share. Such is the situation with the Euphrates River which flows through three countries (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq) and represents the main water resource for these countries. Therefore, the comprehensive hydrologic investigation needed to derive optimal operations requires reliable forecasts. This study aims to analysis and create a forecasting model for data generation from Turkey perspective by using the recorded inflow data of Ataturk reservoir for the period (Oct. 1961 - Sep. 2009). Based on 49 years of real inflow data

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Bulletin Of Electrical Engineering And Informatics
Traffic management inside software-defined data centre networking
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In recent years, data centre (DC) networks have improved their rapid exchanging abilities. Software-defined networking (SDN) is presented to alternate the impression of conventional networks by segregating the control plane from the SDN data plane. The SDN presented overcomes the limitations of traditional DC networks caused by the rapidly incrementing amounts of apps, websites, data storage needs, etc. Software-defined networking data centres (SDN-DC), based on the open-flow (OF) protocol, are used to achieve superior behaviour for executing traffic load-balancing (LB) jobs. The LB function divides the traffic-flow demands between the end devices to avoid links congestion. In short, SDN is proposed to manage more operative configur

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Some NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATORS FOR RIGHT CENSORED SURVIVAL DATA
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The using of the parametric models and the subsequent estimation methods require the presence of many of the primary conditions to be met by those models to represent the population under study adequately, these prompting researchers to search for more flexible parametric models and these models were nonparametric, many researchers, are interested in the study of the function of permanence and its estimation methods, one of these non-parametric methods.

For work of purpose statistical inference parameters around the statistical distribution for life times which censored data , on the experimental section of this thesis has been the comparison of non-parametric methods of permanence function, the existence

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Data Mining Techniques for Iraqi Biochemical Dataset Analysis
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This research aims to analyze and simulate biochemical real test data for uncovering the relationships among the tests, and how each of them impacts others. The data were acquired from Iraqi private biochemical laboratory. However, these data have many dimensions with a high rate of null values, and big patient numbers. Then, several experiments have been applied on these data beginning with unsupervised techniques such as hierarchical clustering, and k-means, but the results were not clear. Then the preprocessing step performed, to make the dataset analyzable by supervised techniques such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Classification And Regression Tree (CART), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Naïve Bays (NB

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
New Adaptive Data Transmission Scheme Over HF Radio
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Acceptable Bit Error rate can be maintained by adapting some of the design parameters such as modulation, symbol rate, constellation size, and transmit power according to the channel state.

An estimate of HF propagation effects can be used to design an adaptive data transmission system over HF link. The proposed system combines the well known Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) together with variable rate transmission system. The standard ALE is modified to suite the required goal of selecting the best carrier frequency (channel) for a given transmission. This is based on measuring SINAD (Signal plus Noise plus Distortion to Noise plus Distortion), RSL (Received Signal Level), multipath phase distortion and BER (Bit Error Rate) fo

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Hydrology
Complementary data-intelligence model for river flow simulation
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
نسق
Problems and Difficulties Faced by Iraqi University Students in Employing Distance Learning
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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2025
Journal Name
Mastering The Minds Of Machines
Unsupervised Learning: Discovering Patterns without Labels: Health Care, E-Commerce, and Cybersecurity
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
New Trends in Teaching and Learning Theory Dr. Jasim Muhammad Abdul- Slamy
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New trends in teaching and learning theory are considered a theoretical axis
from which came the background that depends on any source, or practice sample or
teaching plane, accuracy and simplicity prevent the development of the teaching
process. Many attempts have come to scene to illuminate the teaching background,
but they have not exceed those remarkable patterns and methods. Thus, the
appearance of the teaching theory have been hindered.
This led to the need for research and development in the field of teaching to
find out a specific teaching theory according to the modern trends and concepts.
Teaching is regarded a humanitarian process which aims at helping those who
want to acquire knowledge, since teach

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Publication Date
Fri May 22 2026
Journal Name
Ishraqat Tanmawia
Formation Engineering and Pedagogy of E-Learning in Light of Corona Pandemic
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