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Preparation and in-vitro evaluation of Carbopol hydrogel of clobetasol-loaded ethylcellulose microsponges
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: Clobetasol propionate (CP) is a potent corticosteroid used for skin conditions but often causes side effects due its systemic absorption. To improve its solubility and reduce it side effects (like skin irritation, skin atrophy, hypopigmentation and steroidal acne), Microsponge (Msg) has been employed as a unique three-dimensional particle that can encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. This study aims to develop and evaluate CP Msg-loaded hydrogels. Two Clobetasol-loaded ethylcellulose-based Msg formulas were prepared using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method, then they were incorporated into Carbopol hydrogel. Two ratios of Carbopol 940 (1% and 1.5% w/w) were used. The prepared hydrogel were assessed for appearance, pH, drug content, spreadability, extrudability, rheology, and in vitro release. The optimum hydrogel was compared to generic CP cream available locally and plain hydrogel. The results showed that both Msg formulas had good product yield, entrapment efficiency and highly porous micron size. The four prepared hydrogels revealed acceptable characterization including; pH ranged between 5.6and 6, drug content (98.8- 100%) and % extrudability (80.7-92%) with pseudoplastic flow type. The hydrogel formula (F2Ha 1%) containing (1:1 weight ratio of CP: ethylcellulose) with (1%w\w Carbopol) was chosen as the optimized formula since it showed the highest spreadablility and approximately 43% of CP was released at 8 hours. The ex-vivo data including; the highest deposition in stratum corneum and epidermal/ dermis with the flux, permeability coefficient and lag time of F2Ha were low, compared to plain hydrogel and marketed cream. Based on the study՚s finding, we concluded that CP Msg-loaded Carbopol hydrogel is a proper drug delivery system for topical application with minimized systemic absorption

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Evaluation of energy loss of hydrogen ion beams moving in nacl: Study based on Drude–Lorentz model and stopping and range of ions in matter/transport of ions in matter calculations
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Publication Date
Sat Jan 28 2012
Journal Name
Rafidain Journal Of Science
Photodynamic Effect on Photosensitized Candida albicans with Hematoporphyrin Derivative Using Low Power Diode Laser In Vitro
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Evaluation the Emotional Intelligence of Administrative and Audit leaderships in the Federal Board of Supreme Audit to achieve audit Effectiveness
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The Psychologists have noticed, not long ago, that the man’s success and happiness in life do not only depend on his degree and education, which express on his mental intelligence but also they need another kind of intelligence called emotional intelligence. The research aims at identifying the emotional intelligence level of the top and administrative leaderships in the Federal Board of Supreme Audit by evaluating their emotional intelligence when the administrative and audit leaderships face emotional interactions by dealing with administrative and audit stuffs in the Board. The research problem is focused on the following question “Is the emotional intelligence of the top and administrative leaderships in the Fede

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Evaluation of accounting procedures for joint arrangements in the Iraqi environment and their reflection on the quality of financial reporting
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The research aims to assess the local accounting procedures related in one of developments that have taken place, and largely on the structure of the Iraqi economic activity. But a partnership between the (public and private sector), or one of the types of joint arrangements, and through the use of the analytical method and extrapolate the reality of the accounting treatments in Company research sample. Research found to a number of conclusions that the unified accounting system applied in the economic units that deal with contracting joint arrangements formula suffers from obvious shortcomings, and reflected the common arrangements suffer from obvious shortcomings. and reflected on the quality of financial reporting, and the urgent need

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 15 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Evaluation the Effect of 805 nm Wavelength Diode Laser on Repair of Mandibular Bone Repair and Skin Incisions in Rabbits
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The long healing time of bone after tooth extraction in order to construct artificial teeth is uncomfortable to the patient because of aesthetic or masticatory problems in addition to the daily visit to dental clinic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 805 nm diode laser with long time intervals on repair of bone and skin incisions in rabbits through biochemical, radiological and histological findings. Eighteen New-Zealand rabbits were undergone surgical operations to make a cavity in the bone of the lower jaw, the rabbits were divided into two groups:- Group A (control group) containing nine rabbits. Group B (lased group) containing nine rabbits in which two cavities were done, one on the right side and the other

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 29 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Design & Nature And Ecodynamics
Artificial Neural Network Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Agricultural Use in Babylon City: An Evaluation of Salinity and Ionic Composition
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Relationship and impact of the Analysis and evaluation jobs with employees performance : Survey study
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        The aim the research that definition on the impact a lot of Analysis and evaluation jobs impact in support the employees performance the property that are Analysis and evaluation jobs is one of the jobs however of the human resource management on organization and the impact footpace big on the chractericties and performance of the people and the impact that success of the organization , And here problem stool of the research in the omission the role for the Analysis and evaluation jobs impact in support the employees performance from the upward management in the organization , Polls were adopted as tools for obtaining data and the Depart

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Petrophysical Evaluation by Integrating AI and HFU Methods. A Case Study of the Mishrif Reservoir in Southern Iraq
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Reservoir quality assessment is important for detecting hydrocarbon-bearing zones and guiding future enhancement strategies. This study presents a detailed petrophysical evaluation of the Mishrif Formation in the Buzurgan Oilfield, which was selected due to its strategic value through its significant remaining reserves which making it an ideal candidate for advanced evaluation techniques. This study aims for shale content, porosity, permeability, water saturation, net to gross, and lithology determination. Well log and core data were used together to establish accurate property estimations. Permeability prediction through conventional methods, like core permeability-porosity correlations, was highly dispersive due to the heterogenei

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluation Age and Gender for General Census of the population in Iraq by using nonparametric Bayesian Kernel Estimators
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The process of evaluating data (age and the gender structure) is one of the important factors that help any country to draw plans and programs for the future. Discussed the errors in population data for the census of Iraqi population of 1997. targeted correct and revised to serve the purposes of planning. which will be smoothing the population databy using nonparametric regression estimator (Nadaraya-Watson estimator) This estimator depends on bandwidth (h) which can be calculate it by two ways of using Bayesian method, the first when observations distribution is Lognormal Kernel and the second is when observations distribution is Normal Kernel

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Publication Date
Thu May 28 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of thermocycling on microleakage analysis of bulk filled base composite in comparison to incrementally placed nanohybrid composite in class II MOD restorations (An in vitro study)
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Background: The study aim was to evaluate thermocycling effect on microleakage of occlusal and cervical margins of MOD cavity filled with bulk filled composites in comparison to incrementally placed nanohybrid composite and to evaluate the difference in microleakage between enamel and dentin margins for the three materials groups. Materials and method: Forty eight maxillary first premolars were prepared with MOD cavities. Samples were divided into three groups of sixteen teeth according to material used: Grandio: Grandio. SDR: SDR +Grandio. X-tra: X-tra base + Grandio. Each group was subdivided into two according to be thermocycled or not. After 24 hrs immersion in 2% methylene blue, samples weresectioned and microleakage was estimated. Res

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