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A review of ultra-high temperature materials for thermal protection system
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Abstract<p>Ultra-High Temperature Materials (UHTMs) are at the base of entire aerospace industry; these high stable materials at temperatures exceeding 1600 °C are used to manage the heat shielding to protect vehicles and probes during the hypersonic flight through reentry trajectory against aerodynamic heating and reducing plasma surface interaction. Those materials are also recognized as Thermal Protection System Materials (TPSMs). The structural materials used during the high-temperature oxidizing environment are mainly limited to SiC, oxide ceramics, and composites. In addition to that, silicon-based ceramic has a maximum-use at 1700 °C approximately; as it is an active oxidation process over low temperature and water vapor environment condition. However, a great emphasis is required for developing structural materials in oxidation and rapid heating environment where the temperature is greater than 1700 °C. This review covers briefly all main types of Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs) and all the materials are used to fabricate them with the maximum operational temperatures. Also, it covers the promised UHTMs (SiC, ZrB<sub>2</sub>, HfB<sub>2</sub>, SiB<sub>6</sub> and B<sub>4</sub>C) which are currently using for several aerospace applications, especially for TPS. Besides, it discusses the oxidation of SiC, B<sub>4</sub>C, SiB<sub>6</sub>, ZrB<sub>2</sub> and HfB<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, the carbides and borides of the transition metals, Zr and Hf have a high-melting temperature and good stability in forming high-melting temperature oxides.</p>
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 27 2026
Journal Name
Indonesian Journal Of Clinical Pathology And Medical Laboratory
The Value of Cardiac Troponin I and Midkine in predicting coronary artery obstruction severity in Chronic Coronary Syndromes (CCS)
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High-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) is a recognized marker of myocardial injury in acute coronary syndromes, but its utility in chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) remains unclear. Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, plays a role in inflammation and vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of serum hs-cTnI and MK in determining the severity of coronary artery obstruction in patients with CCS. The study included 125 subjects undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) at the Iraqi Center of Heart Disease/ Medical City/Baghdad, from March to December 2024. Subjects were classified into three groups based on CAG findings: no CAD, 1- or 2-vessel disease, and 3-ve

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of International Society Of Preventive And Community Dentistry
Surface Roughness Examination of Glass Ionomer Restorative Cements Treated with Acidic and Basic Pediatric Medications: An In Vitro Study
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A <sc>bstract</sc> <sec> <title>Background:

Consumption of different types of beverages and liquid drugs can affect of the surface properties of restorative material. This may lead to an increased probability of dental caries and periodontal inflammation.

Aim:

This study evaluated and compared the effect of amoxicillin suspension (AMS) and azithromycin suspension (AZS) on the surface roughness (SR) of silver-reinforced gl

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 16 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Esthetic And Restorative Dentistry
Effectiveness of Cellulose Nanofibers Addition to Soft Denture Lining Material on Candida albicans Adherence and Physical and Mechanical Properties
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Purpose: Current denture liner materials suffer from low tear strength, poor abrasion resistance, weak bond strength to denture material, and increasing risk of denture stomatitis due to adherence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) to commercial soft denture liner material on the adherence of and physical and mechanical properties. Materials and Methods: CNFs at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% were incorporated into a soft liner material. Antifungal effects were assessed by quantifying the adherence of . The Shore A hardness, tensile strength, peel bond strength, and surface roughness tests were employed to assess the properties of the denture liner materials. Chemica

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of African Earth Sciences
Depositional environments and Tectonic Controls on Paleocene phosphorite-rich successions in the Marbat-Traibeel Basin, Western Desert of Iraq
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 30 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Current Medical Research And Opinion
Anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic Potential, Antioxidant (Hydrogen peroxide scavenging and Peroxynitrite scavenging activity), and Phytochememical Constitute of Trigonella foenum-graecum
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Manufacturing and studying the effect of partial substitution on the properties of the compound Bi<sub>2-x</sub> Ag<sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>1.9</sub>Ba<sub>0.1</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10+δ</sub> superconductors.
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Shear bond strength of endodontic sealers to dentin with and without smear layer and gutta percha (An in vitro study)
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Background: The bond strength of root canal sealers to dentin and gutta-percha seems to be an important property for maintaining the stability of root canal filling, which potentially influences both leakage and root strength. The objective of this, in vitro, study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three different endodontic sealers (Gutta-Flow, AH Plus, Apexit Plus) to dentin, in the presence and absence of the smear layer and gutta percha. Material and Methods: After slicing off the occlusal 2mm of 60 extracted human maxillary premolar teeth, the exposed dentin served as the tested surfaces; the teeth were fixed with cold cure acrylic, and were divided into two groups according to the smear layer presence, group A without smear

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences And Applications
Treatment of Acne Vulgaris with 5-Alpha Avocuta Cream 2% in Comparison with Tretinion Cream 0.025%(Single Blind Comparative Study)
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KE Sharquie, HR Al-Hamamy, AA Noaimi, AF Tahir, Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2012 - Cited by 2

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Role of using the Relative Strength Index in Making Speculation Decision in Stock: Applied Research in the Iraq Stock Exchange
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 The relative strength index (RSI) is one of the best known technical analysis indicators; it provides the speculators by prior signals about the future stock’s prices, and because the speculations in shares of companies which listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange have a high degree of risk, like risk of shares prices felling, so the speculators became committed to use some methods to reduce these risks, and one of these methods is the technical analysis by using the relative strength index (RSI) which enable the speculators of choosing the right time for buy and sell the stocks and the right time to enter or leave the market by using the historical rice data. And from here the problem of the research formulated as “Is the using of

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 16 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry
Spectroscopic and Biological activity studies of azo ligand type (N,O)and its complexes with CrIII, MnII and FeII ions
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Azo derivative ligand[H3L] have been synthesized by the reaction of diazonium salt of p-amino benzoic acid with orcinol in(1:1)mole ratio. The bidente ligand was reacted with the metal ions MnII,FeIIandCrIIIin(2:1)mole ratio via reflux in ethanol using Et3N as a base to give complexes of the general formula: [ M(H2L)2(H2O)x]Cly The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods[ I.R , UV-Vis, A.A and H1 NMR]along with melting point, chloride content and conductivity measurements. The complexes were screend for their in vitro antibacterial activity against one strain of staphylococcus as Gram(+) positive and one strain of pseudomonas as Gram(-) Negative, using the agar diffusion technique.