Silymarin is derived from the milk thistle plant, and possesses numerous pharmacological actions, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The aim of the study was to the determination of influence different concentrations of Silymarin on the rumen performance in 30 local lambs (divided into three groups of 10 lambs each). In the first and second groups, 420 and 210 mg kg-1 of silymarin were administered for 8 weeks, and the third group was the control, which received normal saline solution. The parameters evaluated included the level of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia and pH in the rumen. Furthermore, the in vitro digestibility of ash, protein, fat and dry matter was investigated. These parameters were examined fortnightly, for eight weeks. The results showed that the level of volatile fatty acids and pH increased in the rumen in G1 and G2 compared to the control group, while the level of ammonia decreased in the rumen in G1 and G2 when compared to G3 (p<0.05). Silymarin increased the in vitro digestibility of crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF) and crude dry matter (CDM) in the rumen of lambs. These results indicate that silymarin can improve the digestibility of nutrient elements in the lamb rumen. Keywords: ammonia; digestibility; crude ash; crude protein; crude fat. Concentrações de silimarina nas atividades ruminais de cordeiros RESUMO: A silimarina é derivada da planta do cardo mariano e possui inúmeras ações farmacológicas, incluindo propriedades hepatoprotetoras, anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes e anticancerígenas. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a influência de diferentes concentrações de silimarina no desempenho ruminal de 30 cordeiros locais, divididos em três grupos (de 10 cordeiros cada). No primeiro e segundo grupo foi administrado 420 e 210 mg kg-1 de silimarina durante 8 semanas, e, o terceiro grupo foi o controle, que recebeu solução salina normal. Os parâmetros avaliados incluíram o nível de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGVs), amônia e pH no rúmen. Além disso, investigou-se a digestibilidade in vitro de cinzas, proteínas, gorduras e matéria seca. Esses parâmetros foram examinados quinzenalmente, durante oito semanas. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de ácidos graxos voláteis e pH aumentaram no rúmen em G1 e G2, em comparação com o grupo controle, enquanto, o nível de amônia diminuiu no rúmen em G1 e G2 quando comparado com G3 (p<0,05). A silimarina aumentou a digestibilidade in vitro da cinza bruta (CA), proteína bruta (PB), gordura bruta (CF) e matéria seca bruta (CDM) no rúmen dos cordeiros. Esses resultados indicam que silimarina pode melhorar a digestibilidade dos elementos nutrientes no rúmen do cordeiro. Palavras-chave: amônia; digestibilidade; cinza bruta; proteína bruta; gordura bruta.
This work represents the preparation of the starting material, 3-chloro-2-oxo-1,4-dithiacyclohexane (S) using a new method. This material was reacted with, 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide to give (H3NS3) as a tetradentate ligand H3L. New complex of rhenium (V) with this ligand of the formula [ReO(L)] was prepared. New complexes of the general formula [M(HL)] of this ligand when reacted with some metal ions where: M = Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Hg(II) have been reported. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by infrared, ultraviolet–visible, mass, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic absorption spectroscopic techniques and by (HPLC), elemental analysis, and electrical conductivity. The proposed structure for H3L with Re (V) i
... Show MoreThe complexes of the 2-hydroxy-4-Nitro phenyl piperonalidene with metal ions Cr(III), Ni(II), Pt(IV) and Zn(II) were prepared in ethanolic solution. These complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods, conductivity, metal analyses and magnetic moment measurements. The nature of the complexes formed in ethanolic solution was study following the molar ratio method. From the spectral studies, monomer structures proposed for the nickel (II) and Zinc (II) complexes while dimeric structures for the chromium (III) and platinum (IV) were proposed. Octahedral geometry was suggested for all prepared complexes except zinc (II) has tetrahedral geometry, Structural geometries of these compounds were also suggested in gas phase by using
... Show MoreThe compound [L] was produced in the current study through the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenon with 4-methoxyaniline in the cold, concentrated HCl with 10% NaNO2. Curcumin, several transition metal complexes (Ni (II), La (III), and Hg (II)), and compound [L] were combined in EtOH to create new complexes. UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, AA, TGA-DSC, conductivity, chloride content, and elemental analysis (CHNS) were used to describe the structure of produced complexes. Biological activities against fungi, S. aureus (G+), Pseudomonas (G-), E. coli (G-), and Proteus (G-) were demonstrated using complexes. Depending on the outcomes of the aforementioned methods, octahedral formulas were given as the geometrical structures for each created comp
... Show MoreLimitations of the conventional diagnostic techniques urged researchers to seek novel methods to predict, diagnose, and monitor periodontal disease. Use of the biomarkers available in oral fluids could be a revolutionary surrogate for the manual probing/diagnostic radiograph. Several salivary biomarkers have the potential to accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of salivary interleukin (IL)‐17, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL/OPG for differentiating (1) periodontal health from disease and (2) stable a
5-((2,4-dibromo-6-((cyclohexyl(methyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)diazenyl)quinolin-8-ol azo ligand (L) has been synthesized through the reaction of diazonium salt for 2,4-dibromo-6-((cyclohexyl(methyl)amino)methyl)aniline with 8-hydroxyquinoline. The azo ligand (L) was characterized utilizing spectroscopic techniques, including FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, as well as mass spectrometry and micro-elemental analysis (C.H.N). Metal complexes containing Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were synthesized and analyzed through mass spectrometry, flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis (C.H.N), infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy, along with measurements of conductivity and magnetic properties. The experimental findings suggested that all met
... Show MoreThe ligand 4-(2-aminmo-5-nitro-phenylazo)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 4-nitroaniline was synthesized. The synthesized ligand was characterized by 1HNMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra and (C.H.N) analysis. Complexes of (YIII and LaIII ) with the ligand were prepared in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio and at optimum pH. The prepared complexes were characterized by using flame atomic absorption, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra,(C.H.N) analysis and conductivity measurement. The stoichiometry of complexes was studied by the mole ratio and job methods. A concentration range (1×10-4 - 3×10-4 M) obeyed Beer's law, the complex solutions show high values of molar absorption. On the basis of physicochemical
... Show MoreFour complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II) with the azo ligand (4-chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-((2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenol)diazenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide) L. The structure of ligand and complexes were confirmed on the basis of their analytical and spectral data, these dyes were tested as dyeing in cotton fabric, and also testing in light and cleaner firmness. Also, antimicrobial and antifungal activities of ligand and their complexes were evaluated and the results showed that the ZnL compound showed the higher antibacterial activity with inhibition zone of 13mm against Staphyloco-ccus epidermidis, Steptococcus sp. and Escherichia coli compared with ligand and other metal complexes .In case of ZnL compound the antifungal activ
... Show More. New Schiff base ligand 2-((4-amino-5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidin2-ylimino) (phenyl)methyl)benzoic acid] = [HL] was synthesized using microwave irradiation trimethoprim and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Mixed ligand complexes of Mn((ІІ), Co(ІІ), Ni(ІІ), Cu(ІІ), Zn(ІІ) and Cd(ІІ) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand [HL] and 8-hydroxyquinoline [HQ] then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in (1:1:1) ratio. The ligand [HL] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, melting point, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The mixed ligand complexes are characterized by infrared spectra, electronic spectra, (C.H.N), melting point, atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic m
... Show MoreFour complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II) with the azo ligand (4-chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-((2-hydroxy- 4,6-dimethylphenol)diazenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide) L. The structure of ligand and complexes were confirmed on the basis of their analytical and spectral data, these dyes were tested as dyeing in cotton fabric, and also testing in light and cleaner firmness. Also, antimicrobial and antifungal activities of ligand and their complexes were evaluated and the results showed that the ZnL compound showed the higher antibacterial activity with inhibition zone of 13mm against Staphyloco-ccus epidermidis, Steptococcus sp. and Escherichia coli compared with ligand and other metal complexes .In case of ZnL compound the antifungal acti
... Show More