A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 type 2 diabetic patients aged 20-60 years in Baghdad and 20 non diabetic persons as controls. Laboratory assessment of glucose related parameters; Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Insulin and Insulin resistance (IR), renal function test; Blood urea, serum creatinine, Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P), Calcium regulating hormones; Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and vitamin D, cytokines, Adiponectin and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and comparison these parameters between patients and controls. The results: a high significant (p˂0.01) increase in FBG level in the patients (211.34 ± 11.20 mg/dl) as compared with control (85.89 ± 3.07 mg/dl). A high significant (p˂0.01) increase in HbA1c in the patients (8.89 ± 0.24 %) than to control (4.813 ± 0.09 %), insulin and HOMA2-I.R levels showed a high significant (P< 0.01) increase of patients as compared to control (49.87 ± 15.78 vs. 12.16 ± 2.57 μIU/ml), (28.49 ± 10.77vs. 2.618 ± 0.56 μIU/ml) respectively. A high significant (P<0.01) increase in B. urea and S. creatinine in the T2DM patients (35.77±1.13 mg/dl and 0.84± 0.04 mg/dl, respectively) and control (30.04±0.69 mg/dl and 0.60±0.03 mg/dl, respectively). The calcium level (8.33±0.06 mg/dl vs. 8.59±0.09 mg/dl) shows a significant (P<0.05) decrease in patients. No significant differences in PTH and calcitonin levels between patients and control, vit. D level, there was a high significant (P<0.01) decrease in patients (16.27 ± 0.55 ng/ml) and control (21.42 ± 2.15 ng/ml). Adiponectin was lower significantly (P<0.05) in patients (11.23 ± 0.40 μg/ml) than in control (12.38 ± 0.61 μg/ml), while there was no significant deference between the patients and control in TNF-α. Conclusion: Development of T2DM characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia accompanied with elevated levels of HbA1c and IR, hyperglycemia is the major cause of progressive renal damge, and the decreased levels of vitamin D in the diabetic patients suggest that altered vitamin D and calcium homeostasis may play role in the development of T2DM.
Anastatica hierochuntica is believed to be very useful in Arab countries for treating various health disorders. The aqueous extract of Anastatica hierochuntica was investigated for its effects on hormones in mice females. the aqueous extract of plant at a dose level of 100mg/1mL showed significant increase (p<0.05) on levels of hormones LH, FSH, PRL level and PRO level. Clomid treated group showd significant increase in LH, FSH, and PRL while there was non-significant increase in PRO. From the above results, it is concluded for the first time that aqueous Anastatica hierchuntica extract offers significant effect of LH, FSH, PRL, and PRO in this mice females scompared with control.
The present study aims to test a range of hypotheses about the effectiveness of each of the theory of transactional leadership, and the theory of transformational leadership in the Egyptian environment, and to identify any of them are better able to predict the effectiveness of leadership. And after the effect will be to identify the quality of the relationship between the leader and the subordinate in leadership , and what is the role of transformational leadership dimensions influencing the effectiveness of leadership. The field study was conducted on a sample of companies' public and private sector and the government in Egypt. The results of the study resulted in experimental that transacti
... Show MoreAccording to the importance of the subject of research, and the importance of the surveyed organization as a dynamic sector of the country in general , The research attempts to suggest to service organizations in general reconsidering the currently adopted mechanisms in the redesign of its functions , and in the services provided industry . The data was collected from (98) Director Mangers , head of department and head of division . The research tool is the questionnaire , which included (50) items . The results show Significant Effect & Correlation relationship between the two variables due to their dimensions . These lead to he application of job enrichment technology will increase the organization's ability to possess efficient hu
... Show MoreThis study focused on a fundamental issue which was represented by ability of Iraqi central bank in facing the difficulty of determining the optimal ratio of liquidity in the Iraqi banks in terms of the balancing between its obligations to the depositors and borrowers, and liquidate their funds on one hand and the risks on the other hand.the search aimed for achieving the goals which represented by identifying the possibility of Iraqi banks to apply the regulations rules and instructions issued by central bank of Iraq in determining ratio of liquidity and its appropriate with Iraqi banks action to implement a reasonable profit to&
... Show MoreAdsorption of Acetone and 2-Butanone on Iraqi siliceouns rocks powder have been investigated. UV technique has been used to determine the adsorption isotherms. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms obeyed Freundlich adsorption equation. The results showed that the adsorption increases with increasing acidity of solutions. The adsorption was exothermic process, increasing temperature leads to decreasing adsorption. H, S, G were calculated
Despite the availability of information technology banking features and benefits of the banking sector, they involve many risks and challenges and put in the face of the administrative authorities and regulatory institutions in the banking system, organizational matters and control sensitive and bear direct responsibility for conducting independent assessments of their regulatory and information and determine the degree of its durability and its ability to confront problems imposed by the technical challenges and technological .
And the success of the administrative authorities and regulatory institutions in achieving its objectives in the management of risks and threats oversight resulting from the act
The current research aims to find out the effect of strategic sensitivity in enhancing organizational immunity at the leadership levels in the Iraqi Ministry of Education, as the strategic sensitivity variable includes two dimensions (strategic foresight and strategic Insight), and the organizational immunity variable addresses three dimensions (organizational learning, organizational memory and organizational DNA). The main purpose of this research was related to the extent to which the Ministry’s immunity was achieved through the role played by strategic sensitivity. A sample of (349) individuals was selected . The questionnaire was relied upon to collect data, and the number of questionnaires suitable for analysis was (330). Re
... Show MoreThe current study aims to demonstrate the role of strategic renewal in enhancing organizational immunity through strategic renewal mechanisms represented by (Reanimating, Rejuvenation, Venturing, and restructuring). The main idea of this study relates to the extent to which organizations’ immunity is achieved through strategic Renewal mechanisms, by measuring these dimensions with Organizational immunity represented by organizational learning, organizational memory, and organizational DNA. The study population was the headquarters of the Iraqi Ministry of Education, and the sample included (330) individuals from the upper, middle, and lower leadership levels. Several statistical methods were used to deal with the results of the questionna
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