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Void-hole aware and reliable data forwarding strategy for underwater wireless sensor networks
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Abstract<p>Reliable data transfer and energy efficiency are the essential considerations for network performance in resource-constrained underwater environments. One of the efficient approaches for data routing in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is clustering, in which the data packets are transferred from sensor nodes to the cluster head (CH). Data packets are then forwarded to a sink node in a single or multiple hops manners, which can possibly increase energy depletion of the CH as compared to other nodes. While several mechanisms have been proposed for cluster formation and CH selection to ensure efficient delivery of data packets, less attention has been given to massive data communication processes with sink node. As such, failure in communicating nodes would lead to a significant network void-holes problem. Considering the limited energy resources of nodes in UWSNs along with the heavy load of CHs in the routing process, this paper proposes a void-holes aware and reliable data forwarding strategy (VHARD-FS) in a proactive mode to control data packets delivery from CH nodes to the sink in UWSNs. In the proposed strategy, each CH node is aware of its neighbor’s performance ranking index to conduct a reliable packet transmission to the sink via the most energy-efficient route. Extensive simulation results indicate that the VHARD-FS outperforms existing routing approaches while comparing energy efficiency and network throughput. This study helps to effectively alleviate the resource limitations associated with UWSNs by extending network life and increasing service availability even in a harsh underwater environment.</p>
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 17 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-ma'moon College
Simulation and Implementation of SNR Measurement processor for Adaptive Communication Systems
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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2009
Journal Name
6th.engineering Conference/college Of Eng. /university Of Baghdad
Comparison between analytical solution and experimental results for reinforced loose sand
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Presents here in the results of comparison between the theoretical equation stated by Huang and Menq and laboratory model tests used to study the bearing capacity of square footing on geogrid-reinforced loose sand by performing model tests. The effects of several parameters were studied in order to study the general behavior of improving the soil by using the geogrid. These parameters include depth of first layer of reinforcement, vertical spacing of reinforcement layers, number of reinforcement layers and types of reinforcement layers The results show that the theoretical equation can be used to estimate the bearing capacity of loose sand.

Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Animal Health And Production
The Control and Preventative Measures for the Health Problems of Pets
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 02 2021
Journal Name
Psychology And Education Journal
References for Receiving Explicit and Implicit Knowledge in the Holy Quran
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The research aims to explain the References of receiving the explicit and implicit knowledge mentioned in the Noble Qur'an. The two researchers adopted the documentary and inductive approach to study the topic. Among the conclusions of the research: The Noble Qur'an dealt with many terms and concepts that refer to the References of making explicit knowledge available, including books, which were represented by the divine books (the Qur'an, the Torah, the Zabur and the Gospel) and their concepts (the book, the Qur'an, the guidance, the remembrance, the revelation, the light, the newspapers, the plates). He dealt with many concepts that refer to the References of providing tacit knowledge, which was represented by the communication between tw

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Fusion: Practice And Applications
A Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Approach for Test Case Prioritization and Optimization
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The application of the test case prioritization method is a key part of system testing intended to think it through and sort out the issues early in the development stage. Traditional prioritization techniques frequently fail to take into account the complexities of big-scale test suites, growing systems and time constraints, therefore cannot fully fix this problem. The proposed study here will deal with a meta-heuristic hybrid method that focuses on addressing the challenges of the modern time. The strategy utilizes genetic algorithms alongside a black hole as a means to create a smooth tradeoff between exploring numerous possibilities and exploiting the best one. The proposed hybrid algorithm of genetic black hole (HGBH) uses the

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Materials Science: Materials In Electronics
Fabrication and characterization of CoxMn0.25−xMg0.75Fe2O4 nanoparticles for H2S sensing applications
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 04 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation with DFT study for new thiazole derivatives
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Two compounds,[2-amino-4-(4-nitro phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(4) and [2-amino-4-(4-bromo phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(5), were synthesized by refluxing thiourea (1) with each of  para-ntiro and para-bomophanacyl bromides(2) and (3) respectively, in absolute methanol. Then, by reaction of [5] with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded  (6) .On the other hand, reaction of (4) with chloroacetyl chloride in dry benzene afforded (7), which is  upon treatment with thiourea in absolute methanol, af

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
2018 2nd International Conference On Imaging, Signal Processing And Communication (icispc)
Analogy-based Common-Sense Knowledge for Opinion-Target Identification and Aggregation
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The development of Web 2.0 has improved people's ability to share their opinions. These opinions serve as an important piece of knowledge for other reviewers. To figure out what the opinions is all about, an automatic system of analysis is needed. Aspect-based sentiment analysis is the most important research topic conducted to extract reviewers-opinions about certain attribute, for instance opinion-target (aspect). In aspect-based tasks, the identification of the implicit aspect such as aspects implicitly implied in a review, is the most challenging task to accomplish. However, this paper strives to identify the implicit aspects based on hierarchical algorithm incorporated with common-sense knowledge by means of dimensionality reduction.

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 06 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Probit and Improved Probit Transform-Based Kernel Estimator for Copula Density
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Copula modeling is widely used in modern statistics. The boundary bias problem is one of the problems faced when estimating by nonparametric methods, as kernel estimators are the most common in nonparametric estimation. In this paper, the copula density function was estimated using the probit transformation nonparametric method in order to get rid of the boundary bias problem that the kernel estimators suffer from. Using simulation for three nonparametric methods to estimate the copula density function and we proposed a new method that is better than the rest of the methods by five types of copulas with different sample sizes and different levels of correlation between the copula variables and the different parameters for the function. The

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Measurements of HbA1c for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Foot Ulceration
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People with diabetes can develop different foot problems. In the blood stream glucose reacts with hemoglobin to make a glycosylated hemoglobin molecule called hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c, the more glucose in the blood the more hemoglobin A1c will be present in the blood. The HbAlc test is currently one of the best ways to check diabetes to be under control.  The aim of study is to compare between the blood investigations which includes the fasting blood sugar and HbAlC (glycosylated hemoglobin), and to evaluate the benefit of  HbAlc (measurement for diabetic patients with foot ulcer,  to be a good indicator for controlling blood glucose). Sixty patients with type2 diabetes mellitus from the outpatient clinic of Baghdad Teachin

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