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The Effect of a Bioactive Oral System and CO2 Laser on Enamel Susceptibility to Acid Challenge
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This study evaluated the structural changes of enamel treated by the Regenerate system and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser against acid challenge. Thirty human enamel slabs were prepared and assigned into three groups: Group I: untreated (control); Group II: treated with the Regenerate system; and Group III exposed to CO2 laser. All specimens were subjected to an acid challenge (pH 4.5–7.0) for 14 days. Specimens were evaluated and compared at 120 points using five Raman microspectroscopic peaks; the phosphate vibrations ν1, ν2, ν3, and ν4 at 960, 433, 1029, and 579 cm−1, respectively, and the carbonate at 1070 cm−1, followed by Vickers microhardness test. The ratio of carbonate to phosphate was correlated to the equivalent microhardness numbers. The intensities of phosphate peaks ν1, ν2, and ν4 were reduced in all groups post-acid challenge, while the carbonate and ν3 were significantly increased (p < 0.000). Surfaces treated by Regenerate exhibited higher peak intensity of phosphate and carbonate before and after pH-cycling (p < 0.05). The mineral content in enamel had a direct effect on tissue microhardness, and the CO2-lased surfaces showed a reduced carbonate content and higher microhardness values. Both approaches induced surface changes that can protect enamel against acid challenge resulting in a significant benefit for dental healthcare.

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
A Proposed Framework to Developing the Auditor's Reporting in Iraq in Accordance With the International Standards on Auditing
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The international reporting auditor witness rapidly developed over the past years, where profession began give attention to the development of auditor reporting and improve its informational report through the issuance and amendment of some relevant international auditing standards. The reality of the situation refers to the failure to inform the auditor in Iraq in  many areas, including: Clearly defined management responsibility for the preparation of financial and auditor's responsibility to express an opinion on these statements and Amendment of opinion when the financial statements as a whole is free from material misstatement based on the evidence is sufficient and appropriate audit, or not to build the auditor's ability to obt

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 28 2023
Journal Name
Tropical Journal Of Natural Product Research
Genetic Association of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE-2 (rs2285666) Polymorphism with the Susceptibility of COVID-19 Disease in Iraqi Patients
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Significant risks to human health are posed by the 2019 coronavirus illness (COVID-19). SARS coronavirus type 2 receptor, also known as the major enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), connects COVID-19 and RAS. This study was conducted with the intention of determining whether or not RAS gene polymorphisms and ACE-2 (G8790A) play a part in the process of predicting susceptibility to infection with COVID-19. In this study 127 participants, 67 of whom were deemed by a physician to be in a severe state of illness, and 60 of whom were categorized as "healthy controls" .The genetic study included an extraction of genomic DNA from blood samples of each covid 19 patients and healthy control

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect Of Thickness on The Optical Properties Of ZnS
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Zinc sulfide(ZnS) thin films of different thickness were deposited on corning glass with the substrate kept at room temperature and high vacuum using thermal evaporation technique.the film properties investigated include their absorbance/transmittance/reflectance spectra,band gap,refractive index,extinction coefficient,complex dielectric constant and thickness.The films were found to exhibt high transmittance(59-98%) ,low absorbance and low reflectance in the visible/near infrared region up to 900 nm..However, the absorbance of the films were found to be high in the ultra violet region with peak around 360 nm.The thickness(using optical interference fringes method) of various films thichness(100,200,300,and 400) nm.The band gap meas

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 19 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Development In Social Sciences And Humanities
The Effect of Context on the Comprehension of English Idioms
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DBN Rashid, International Journal of Development in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Shear on the Properties of Rigid PVC
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The rheological and fusion behavior of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds plays a dominant role in
the processing operations and in the development of physical properties in the processed material. A
comprehensive study was made in this work to evaluate the effect of shear and thermal history on stability, mechanical and rheological properties of rigid PVC compounds. Different samples of Rigid Poly vinyl chloride including dry blend powder, granules, and bottles molded from both were examined. A study was also made on recycled RPVC where 25% of reclaimed material was continuously blended with fresh dry blend and processed for 15 cycles. Results showed that compaction of the PVC material took place in the brabender plastograph at co

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Video effect on Youths Value
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The Video effect on Youths Value

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 12 2020
Journal Name
Technologies And Materials For Renewable Energy, Environment And Sustainability
The effect of doping process on the structural and optical properties of Ag2Se thin films.
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of unsecured use of chemical pesticides on the environment and health in Iraq
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The wide use of pesticides in recent years leads to rapid distribution of these pollutants in the environment (air, water and soil).They were transported by means of air or water to biological ecosystems. They become more toxic through the processes of biological magnification while some of them persist for along period.The aim of this work is to show the negative effect that chemical pesticides causes, and in the same to show their side effect on the environment and health in Iraq. We could conclude that the bad use of these chemicals could cause an urgent impact now or in the future. Governmental offices dealing with these materials should take the right measures to minimize the danger and the misuse of these chemicals by seeking alternat

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of temperature and chemical solutions on the Compressive strength of particulate hybrid composites
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In this work a hybrid composite materials were prepared containing matrix of polymer (polyethylene PE) reinforced by different reinforcing materials (Alumina powder + Carbon black powder CB + Silica powder). The hybrid composite materials prepared are: • H1 = PE + Al2O3 + CB • H2 = PE + CB + SiO2 • H3 = PE + Al2O3 + CB + SiO2 All samples related to electrical tests were prepared by injection molding process. Mechanical tests include compression with different temperatures and different chemical solutions at different immersion times The mechanical experimentations results were in favour of the samples (H3) with an obvious weakness of the samples (H1) and a decrease of these properties with a rise in temperature and the increasing

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of Fillers on the Chemical, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites
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The compounding of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with two types of fillers and some additives were studied for the manufacturing of acid resistant tile. Various concentrations of two types of fillers namely; calcium carbonate and recycled glass powder were used along with different additives generally categorized as plasticizers, stabilizers, and lubricants were mixed in the standard concentration unit parts per hundred resins (phr) with the PVC as base polymer. The effects of filler materials on acid resistant towered different acids like sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric at different concentration were studied. Samples which passed the test were further checked for dielectric strength and mechanical properties. It was found that the recycl

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