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A Pragma-Linguistic Study of Deontic Modals in the Language of International Contracts.
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Deontic modality expresses what is necessary or possible according to the norms of morality and laws of community. It is a cover term for those cases where modal auxiliaries used to express notions like ''obligation'', ''prohibition'' and, ''permission''. Deontic modals are basically performatives, having the ''so-be-it'' component of directives in that the speaker directs the behavior of the addressee to get things done. The present study identifies the use of deontic models in international contracts to prove that there are major pragmatic strategies employed in writing them. To achieve the aim of the study, a modified model of Danet’s (1980) and Trosborg’s (1995) in accordance to Searle (1969) is used to analyze 16 texts selected from three international contracts, namely supply of goods, employment, and technical service contracts. The analysis of data reveals that deontic modal verbs (shall, must, will, may, should,) are the most frequent verbs contractors use to impose obligation, permission, and prohibition. Contractors are more prone to use declarative constructions, non-human subjects and passivization than other syntactic constructions. It also shows that legal contracts are a kind of genre which is drafted for specific purpose; they have a distinctive layout and style from other written legal texts.

Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Theoretical Study of the Docking of Medicines with some Proteins
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A set of ten drug compounds containing an amino group in the structure were determined theoretically. The parameters were entered into a model to forecast the optimal values of practical (log P) medicinal molecules. The drugs were evaluated theoretically using different types of calculations which are AM1, PM3, and Hartree Fock at the basis set (HF/STO-3G). The Physico-chemical data like (entropy, total energy, Gibbs Free Energy,…etc were computed and played an important role in the predictions of the practical lipophilicity values. Besides, Eigenvalues named HOMO and LUMO were determined. Linearity was shown when correlated between the experimental data with the evaluated physical properties. The statistical analysis was used to analy

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
A study of the characterization of CdS/PMMA nanocomposite thin film
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Nanocomposites of polymer material based on CdS as filler
material and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as host matrix have
been fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glass
substrate. CdS particles synthesized by co-precipitation route using
cadimium chloride and thioacetamide as starting materials and
ammonium hydroxide as precipitating agent. The structure is
examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the resultant film has
amorphous structure. The optical energy gap is found to be (4.5,
4.06) eV before and after CdS addition, respectively. Electrical
activation energy for CdS/PMMA has two regions with values of
0.079 and 0.433 eV.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Begging Phenomenon Between the Destitution Plight and the Material Greedy - A Field Study in the City of Baghdad
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Begging is an ancient social phenomenon since the Man's creation. It was simple at its beginning to get a living and the family needed, but presently, this simple social phenomenon converted to a big phenomenon which controlled by competent groups away from the values and principles. Their doings are far from humanity representing by the cutting of a hand or a foot and facial distortion or removed eye as a way of attracting people's emotions to get material and incorporeal helps; these doings became a trade which is exchanged by slave traders. Furthermore, different illegal and greedy methods were followed as a way of blackmailing others; contrariwise other cases of begging are doing by a people who real poor and needy. In this case, the

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Business incubators the entrance of organizations to shift towards pioneering performance a study by a number of employees of the technical education organizations in mosul
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     The importance of this research is due to its importance goals, Which are about the attempt of researchers to investigate the probability of depending on businesses, environments to transform organizations, performance in away that enhance the leading  role of organizations  in their environments , and through views of a number of the staff working in the foundation of technical institutes in Mosul.  .

     After deciding the methodology of the study that ,in one hand ,performs the goals of the study , and achieving a suitable theoretical framework to present the concepts of businesses, environments and the leadin

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factorial Structure of Test-Wiseness Scale: A Field Study on a Sample of Students in Hama University
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The current research aims to recognize the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure of the test-wiseness scale on a sample of Hama University students, using the descriptive method. Thus, the sample consists of (472) male and female students from the faculties of the University of Hama. Besides, Abu Hashem’s 50 item test-wiseness scale (2008) has been used. The validity and reliability of the items of the scale have also been verified, and six items have been deleted accordingly. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the first degree have shown the presence of the following five acceptable factors: (exam preparation, test time management, question paper handling, answer sheet handling, and revision).  Moreover,

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of marketing recovery in improving the organization's reputation An applied study of a sample of private bank managers in Baghdad
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This research aims to know and the role of the marketing recovery dimensions in improving the organization's reputation through an exploratory study of private banks in the city of Baghdad. The aim of the research is to define the role of the marketing recovery through its dimensions (compensation, apology, speed of response, assistance and problem solving), in improving the organization's reputation, as the research will attempt to provide a theoretical framework for the dimensions studied through the most important of what researchers presented and then conduct the applied aspect of the research. Data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey consisting of 35 questions and distributed to 110 managers of private banks in

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 17 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Use of the Definite article in the Ottoman Turkish Language in the Fourteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Qaboos Namah and Mazaki Collection as a Model: '' Kabusnâme ve Mezâkî Divanı Örneğinde ''14. ve 17. Yüzyılarda Osmanlı Türkçesinde Harf-i Ta'rifin Kullanması Üzerine Bir İnceleme
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The Turks used the Ottoman Turkish language from the thirteenth century to the twentieth century.  During this period and under the influence of Islamic civilization, a large number of words and structures were used from the Arabic and Persian languages, Therefore, many Arabic grammatical structures were used in the Ottoman Turkish language, such as the definite article simply because it was widely used.

The paper is concerned with the use of the Arabic definite article in the Ottoman Turkish language, and the aim of this contrastive study is to find out the similarities and differences between the two languages ​​in terms of meaning and structure. Since linguistic studies depend on the practical side or applied approach, two

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Physical Identity in the Marshes Chabaish District as a Case Study
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The marshes form large areas in southern Iraq, which are large water bodies, covered by reeds and papyrus plants. The marshes are characterized by distinctive physical elements, which have given them a unique and unique identity that can be clearly distinguished by the physical pattern. The physical environment derives its identity through a group Of inputs that interact with each other and represent both cultural and social inputs of the most important inputs that affect the formation of identity, and in the physical environment of the Marshlands many of the symbols that are associated with the collective memory of individuals, these symbols have value in the community Thus, the preservation of these symbols and inherited from one gener

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 19 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences And Humanities
HUMOUR IN THE AMERICAN AND BRITISH COMEDYEPISODES: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS STUDY
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DBNRAAK Mohammed, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
Style and the jump in industrial product design - a comparative study
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Find cares studying ways in the development of industrial products and designs: the way the progressive development (how typical) and root development (jump design), was the aim of the research: to determine the effectiveness of the pattern and the jump in the development of designs and industrial products. After a process of analysis of a sample of research and two models of contemporary household electrical appliances, it was reached a set of findings and conclusions including:1-leaping designs changed a lot of entrenched perceptions of the user on how the product works and its use and the size and shape of the product, revealing him about the possibilities of sophisticated relationships with the product, while keeping the typical desi

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