The study of Lake Hamrin is of enormous importance in understanding changes in water levels and their impact on the local environment. It helps to clarify the role of climatic and human factors in the decline of its water resources from 2013 to 2023 in order to ensure sustainable solutions. Satellite imagery from Landsat 8 is used, and processing is performed using ArcGIS Pro and ENVI. The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) is applied to show the changes in the vegetation cover and reveal the amount of change in the surface water area of the lake. It is noted that the water area changes in one year as it increases in the rainy season and decreases in the summer, and it also varies from one year to another with the difference in the amount of rainfall. In March 2019, the largest area of the water surface of Hemrin Lake appeared, as the water surface area of the lake reached 326.87190 km² due to the increase in rainfall this year. It is noted that the lake's water area decreased during the rainy season due to the lack of rain, as the lake's water area decreased to 121.52340 km² in January 2021, while the smallest area of Hemrin Lake's water surface is reached in October 2021, as the lake's water surface area reached 28.79910 km², and the surface water area became 59.23530 km² in February 2022 due to the lack of rain during this year. In 2023, a relative increase in the lake's water area began to appear due to the return of seasonal rains this year, reaching 80.88570 km² in April, which proves to us that the change in rainfall in the region is one of the main reasons for the change in the area and water level in Hemrin Lake. The values of the earth's surface temperature are also revealed, and these values varied in the study area according to the different elements of the earth's surface and differed from one season to another and from one year to another. It is natural for the surface temperature of Hemrin Lake to rise in the summer and decrease in the winter. As the smallest area of the lake's water surface is 28.79910 km², the value of the lake's water surface temperature reached 24.9°C in October 2021. It is assumed that the area and water level of the lake decrease with the rise in temperature, but in August 2023, when the lake's water surface temperature is 31.9742°C, the lake's water surface area reached 69.75360 km². The main reasons for the decline in the water levels of Hemrin Lake are the lack of rainfall in recent years due to climate change and the lack of water releases from Lake Darbandikhan due to the lack of water coming to it from the Iranian side, as well as the significant decline in the waters of the Alwend River due to its interruption by the Iranian side due to the construction of dams and the change in its course and the cessation of its flow in the summer.
The purpose of this research shed light on the analysis of the relationship between the knowledge gap and the strategic performance gap and diagnose the level of impact this relationship in building a learning organization, and sought search to achieve a number of goals, cognitive and Applied been tested nature of the relationship and effect between variables in a sample size (62) of the managers of banks civil in Baghdad (Baghdad, Gulf, Assyria, Union, Elaf) and focused research problem in question is bold is whether the analysis of the relationship between the knowledge gap and the performance gap strategic leads to recognize organizations need to shift to organizations educated, either in the side of the field was the pr
... Show MoreThe purpose of this paper is to model and forecast the white oil during the period (2012-2019) using volatility GARCH-class. After showing that squared returns of white oil have a significant long memory in the volatility, the return series based on fractional GARCH models are estimated and forecasted for the mean and volatility by quasi maximum likelihood QML as a traditional method. While the competition includes machine learning approaches using Support Vector Regression (SVR). Results showed that the best appropriate model among many other models to forecast the volatility, depending on the lowest value of Akaike information criterion and Schwartz information criterion, also the parameters must be significant. In addition, the residuals
... Show MoreThis study identified the genus Coelastrella Chodat, 1922 which was isolated from a sediment sample taken from the Tigris river in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq. The alga was isolated and cultured in modified Chu 10 media and the morphological features of the isolated algae were observed in light microscopy (LM); it showed some characteristic features of this genus, such as its ellipsoidal or lemon- shaped cells, a visible pyrenoid and the chloroplast parietal. To ensure correct identification of the isolated alga, a molecular analysis using 18S rRNA gene and DNA sequencing revealed a match with C. terrestris (Reisigl) Hedewald & N. Hanagata 2002. This species is a new record in Iraq
... Show MoreThe lower Cretaceous sandstones of Zubair and Nahr Umr formations are the main producing reservoirs in Subba oilfield in southern Iraq. Key differences in their petrophysical and depositional attributes exist affecting their reservoir characteristics. The evaluation of well logs and core porosity-permeability data show better reservoir properties in Nahr Formation. The Litho-saturation logs indicate greater thickness of oil-saturated reservoir units for Nahr Unr Formation associated with lower values of shale volume, and higher values of effective porosity. In addition, higher values of permeability for Nahr Umr Formation is suggested by applying porosity-irreducible water saturation cross plot. The reducing reservoir quality of Zub
... Show MoreThis study examines the causes of time delays and cost overruns in a selection of thirty post-disaster reconstruction projects in Iraq. Although delay factors have been studied in many countries and contexts, little data exists from countries under the conditions characterizing Iraq during the last 10-15 years. A case study approach was used, with thirty construction projects of different types and sizes selected from the Baghdad region. Project data was gathered from a survey which was used to build statistical relationships between time and cost delay ratios and delay factors in post disaster projects. The most important delay factors identified were contractor failure, redesigning of designs/plans and change orders, security is
... Show MoreVarious theories have been proposed since in last century to predict the first sighting of a new crescent moon. None of them uses the concept of machine and deep learning to process, interpret and simulate patterns hidden in databases. Many of these theories use interpolation and extrapolation techniques to identify sighting regions through such data. In this study, a pattern recognizer artificial neural network was trained to distinguish between visibility regions. Essential parameters of crescent moon sighting were collected from moon sight datasets and used to build an intelligent system of pattern recognition to predict the crescent sight conditions. The proposed ANN learned the datasets with an accuracy of more than 72% in comp
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