Surgical site infections are the second most common type of adverse events occurring in hospitalized patients. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis refers to the use of preoperative and postoperative antibiotics to decrease the incidence of postoperative wound infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic administration pattern for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and the adherence to American Society of Health-System Pharmacists surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guideline in Medical City Teaching Hospitals/Baghdad. The medical records of one hundred patients who underwent elective surgical procedures were reviewed. Adherence to the recommendations of American society of health‑system pharmacists guideline was ass

This article uses coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian finite element algorithm to conduct a three-dimensional thermomechanical study to capture the shape and characteristics of defect type generated while achieving the dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. The volume-of-fluid method is used to model the Eulerian region and predict the localised formation of process defects. Three different tool shapes are utilised to achieve the dissimilar friction stir welding joining between AA 2024-T3 on the advancing side and AA 6061-T6 on the retreating side. Process parameter effects such as rotational tool speed, traverse tool speed and tool tilt angle are also investigated. The finite element model results are validated by comparing with t

Background: The rising rate of cesarean deliveries has generated concern about whether all procedures are medically justified. Limited data exist on how well first-time mothers understand the indications for their cesarean section in Iraq. Objective: To assess maternal knowledge of the medical reasons for the first cesarean delivery and its relationship with sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2023 among 158 Iraqi women who underwent their first cesarean delivery. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire that assessed demographic, obstetric, and knowledge-related factors. Results: Less than half of the

In this research PbS and PbS:Cu films were prepered with thicknesses (0.85±0.05)?m and (0.55±0.5)?m deposit on glass and silicon substrate respectively using chemical spray pyrolysis technique with a substrate temperature 573K, from lead nitrate salt, thiourea and copper chloride. Using XRD we study the structure properties for the undoped and doped films with copper .The analysis reveals that the structure of films were cubic polycrystalline FCC with a preferred orientation along (200) plane for the undoped films and 1% doping with copper but the orientation of (111) plane is preferred with 5% doping with the rest new peaks of films and appeared because of doping. Surface topography using optical microscope were be checked, it was found

The present study was carried out to determine the bacterial isolates and study their antimicrobial susceptibility in case of burned wound infections. 70 burn wound swabs were taken from patients, who presented invasive burn wound infection from both sex and average age of 3-58 years, admitted to teaching medical Al- Kendi hospital from October 2007 to June 2008. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the most common isolate (48.9%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%), Citrobacter braakii (13.3%), Enterobacter spp. (11.1%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (11.1%), Proteus vulgaris (6.66%), Corynebacterium spp. (6.66%), Micrococcus (6.66%), Proteus mirabilis (4.44%), Enterococcus faecalis (4.44%), E.coli (4.44%), Klebsiella spp. (2.22

The present paper talks about balance between two poems which are the Nouniya for Ibn Zaidoun and Andalusia for Ahmed Shawqi. This study is not claimed to be the first of its kind but we found some artistic aspects that deserve to stop at them. This what makes the two the focus of critics and scholars as well in addition to their emphasis on the unity of the human feelings and immortality through the poet's ability to employ those feelings and emotions in a way that it can express the human soul in every time and place. That is what we believe Ibn Zaidoun had reached in his poem. Therefore, the present paper has come into the conclusion that Ibn Zaydoon's Nouniya is better than Shawqi's Andalusia due to what we got through reading and an

his study aims to determine most stable isobar from some isobaric elements with mass number (A= 50-65 & 180-195). This aim achieved by, firstly: plot mass parabolas for these isobaric family, second: calculated the atomic number for most stable isobar (ZA) value. To plot the mass parabola, the binding energy (B.E) calculated from semi empirical formula for these isobars. The mass number (A) plotted as a function to the (ZA) for each range; we get a linear relationship between them. An empirical formula for the most stable isobar has been developed from this linear dependence. From the results, we can see that mass parabolas for isobaric elements with odd mass number (A) are different from the mass parabolas of even mass number (A) isobars,

Today, problems of spatial data integration have been further complicated by the rapid development in communication technologies and the increasing amount of available data sources on the World Wide Web. Thus, web-based geospatial data sources can be managed by different communities and the data themselves can vary in respect to quality, coverage, and purpose. Integrating such multiple geospatial datasets remains a challenge for geospatial data consumers. This paper concentrates on the integration of geometric and classification schemes for official data, such as Ordnance Survey (OS) national mapping data, with volunteered geographic information (VGI) data, such as the data derived from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project. Useful descriptions o

Routing is the process of delivering a packet from a source to a destination in the network using a routing algorithm that tries to create an efficient path. The path should be created with minimum overhead and bandwidth consumption. In literature, routing protocols in VANET were categorized in many ways, according to different aspects. In the present study, we prefer the classification based on the number of hops to reach the destination node. In literature, these are single-hop and multi-hops protocols. We first discuss the two types and then compare the MDDV (multi-hops protocol) with VADD (single-hop protocol). The comparison is theoretically and experimentally implemented by providing a network environment consisting of SUMO, VIENS and