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Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv
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Kamel, S.H., R.F. Al-Jassani and H.A. Al-Shammari. 2022. Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 315-324. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.315324 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different bacterial isolates of P. fluorescens and B. t. tenebrionis and silver nanoparticles on the activity of the cellulase enzyme in termites' middle digestive system and its role in glucose release by treating cellulose media with bacterial strains and nanoparticles. Ultraviolet spectroscopy results revealed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by P. fluorescens isolated from termites, commercial P. fluorescens, and local B.t. tenrbrionis had the highest absorption at 385, 324, and 324 nm wave length, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that ketons, amines, alkanes, and alcohols were among the groups that contributed to silver ions reduction, capping and stabilizing nanoparticles. The particle diameters were measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found to be on average 32.43, 63.19, and 57.62 nm. The highest concentration of liberated glucose was recorded after 24 hours, which ranged between 0.453 and 1.285 mg/ml when treated with silver nanoparticles prepared from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens bacteria and when treated with a bacterial isolate P. fluorescens, respectively. Only when treated with synthesized silver nanoparticles and when treated with commercial P. fluorescens isolates did the lowest concentrations of liberated sugar reached between 0.037 and 0.730 mg/ml after 72 hours, respectively. The high quantity of liberated sugar in the control treatment was constant, reaching 1.70 and 2.33 mg/ml after 24 and 72 hours, respectively. In addition to the variation in cellulase enzyme inhibition rates in termite digestive systems due to the effect of different treatments, it was discovered that the local isolate of B. t. tenrbrionis was better than the rest of the isolates in affecting the enzyme, causing inhibition rates of 71.42%. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles synthesized from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens outperformed other treatments in inhibiting enzyme activity, with an inhibition rate of 78.57% . Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis, silver nanoparticles, Microcerotermes diversus

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Proposed methods of image recognition depend on the PCA
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This paper suggest two method of recognition, these methods depend on the extraction of the feature of the principle component analysis when applied on the wavelet domain(multi-wavelet). First method, an idea of increasing the space of recognition, through calculating the eigenstructure of the diagonal sub-image details at five depths of wavelet transform is introduced. The effective eigen range selected here represent the base for image recognition. In second method, an idea of obtaining invariant wavelet space at all projections is presented. A new recursive from that represents invariant space of representing any image resolutions obtained from wavelet transform is adopted. In this way, all the major problems that effect the image and

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Jun 08 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
Study the adsorption of diphenhydramine – HCl on Iraqi bauxite
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Drug overdose and poisoning are common clinical problems and could occur with Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DFH) (one of anti histaminic drug ). It therefore important to study the adsorption of the DFH on pharmaceutical adsorbents which could serve as possible antidotes for the emergency treatment of DFH overdose or poisoning when they occur. The rate and extent of adsorption of DFH on some pharmaceutical adsorbents, bauxite were investigated spectra photometrically also the effect temperature, pH, presence of sucrose as additive have been studied as well, adsorbent's weight and partical size.The equilibrium adsorption contact times were determined for clay surface. Adsorption isotherms have been analyzed by the freundlich model. The appa

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The influence of human resources Accounting on cost reduction
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The development of human resources training programs has an applied and important role in the preparation of human cadresin terms of capacity to absorb technical sciences and skills and scientific and practical practices at faster rates in order to bealighed with continous development. Hence the recognition of the significant role that human resources play in the economy of any country,which has stressed the interest towards the economic unity of the qualified staff that it needsin atimely manner through the ongoing training process in the era of high technology day by  day  In this regard ,the current research deal with accounting of human resources and its impact on reducing costs in the military establishment and the

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Internal Marketing on Organizational Citizenship Behavior
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The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of internal marketing through three dimensions: vision, development, and reward - on organizational citizenship behavior in three private universities in Iraq. Organizations’ view of their members as internal customers could be made them more realistic in dealing with the reasons for leaving and going to other organizations. This can promote business organizations to build an organizational environment that contributes to making the organization look like the homeland of those workers. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The tool for data collection was the questionnaire. Statistical software (SPSS V.23 and AMOS V.23) was used to analyze the data. The research sample was r

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Comparative Study on the Hardness of Mechroha Water Springs
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The vacancy of natural resources is undoubtedly limited by time. The sustainable development principle recommends modern technology for its protection and renewal. This project conducted analyses on two underground water sources in the north of Algeria (Mechroha Province). Besides, the use of the hardness factor and the adoption of the titration method, which is  the determining the concentration of an unknown solution using a known solution concentration, have permitted the characterization of the examples taken and to verify their conformity to the standard required, the results found showed HT=6.66 French degrees (oF) ) for Ain Guilloume water spring in comparison to Ain Messai water spring H

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Influence of Customer Knowledge Management on Sustainable Promotion
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This research has investigated the effect of the customer knowledge management CKM in sustainable promotion SP. The research conducted a quantitative method on a sample of employees in the Al-Furat State Company for Chemical Industries affiliated / the Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Iraq. The research’s problem presented a set of questions, one of the most important was (is there a relation and impact between the dimensions of customer knowledge management and sustainable promotion). The aim of the research is to identify the extent to which customer knowledge management activities are applied in understudy organization. This research adopted the questionnaire as a main instrument to collect information from (140) participants in

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2005
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
An evaluation study of Islamic websites on the Internet
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The study aims to introduce the Islamic sites available on the Internet and determine the criteria that contribute to evaluating these sites to indicate their value, topics, and services, while evaluating a simple random sample of the general Islamic sites, which number (35) sites. The results were presented in (8) tables. The study concluded To a set of conclusions, including: (465) “Islamic” websites were seized during the research period, and they are constantly increasing. They were classified according to the name of the website (domain name) com, org, net, edu, and also according to topics such as general Islamic websites and websites of holy places. Mosques, sites of sheikhs, etc. Among the best general Islamic websites are: Isla

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of performance appraisal dimensions On organization confidence
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This research was designed to study effect of performance appraisal dimensions on organizational confidence.

Asset completion questionnaire was used to collect data of this research from a random simple represent forty employees who works in Iraqi Oil ministry. The main result of this research was positive relations and the effect between performance appraisal and organizational confidence. The research contains some conclusions, the main of it is unimplemented the performance appraisal results in the policies of employees in the ministry and it work in classic methods incentives and training.

The important recommendations must doing to achieve integrating between the result of pe

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of e-governance on achieving creative performance
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The research aims to investigate the relationship and impact of e-governance as an independent variable in achieving creative performance as a dependent variable. These variables have been studied in the Directorate of Passports Affairs, and seek to come up with a set of recommendations that help in promoting e-governance in the researched organization, and the researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, included The sample (122) of the total (194) individuals distributed in several administrative levels (officers, associates, and administrative staff). By adopting the questionnaire, which included (49) paragraphs as the main tool for the collection of data and information, as well as personal interviews and field obs

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of coordination and joint cooperation in raising the quality of auditing in accordance with the INTOSAI standard(9150 (: Applied research in the General Company for Marketing Medicines and Medical Appliances - Kimadia
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The process of coordination and joint cooperation between SAIs and internal auditors in the public sector is considered one of the very important matters in performing efficient audits and are of high quality, especially if this coordination and cooperation is implemented in accordance with international standards, as it leads to avoiding duplication in auditing work. And the distribution of work in a distribution that achieves the objectives of auditing in general and is of general benefit to the economic unit.

The research problem lies in the weakness of the relationship between internal auditing and external auditing as a result of not applying INTOSAI Standard (9150) coordination and joint cooperation

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