The notion of presupposition has been tackled by many linguists. They have found that the term ―presupposition” is being used in two different senses in the literature: semantic and pragmatic. As for semantic sense, Geurts (1999) has isolated some constrictions as sources of presupposition by making lists of presupposition triggers. Concerning the pragmatic sense Kennan (1971:89) uses the term pragmatic presupposition to refer to a class of pragmatic inferences which are, in fact, the relation between a speaker and the appropriateness of a sentence in the context. In spite of the fact that there are many researches that have been done in the field of presupposition but few of them in the field of short stories up to the researcher's knowledge therefore, the study of this story bridges this gap. It is hypothesized that Edgar Allen Poe has dealt in some way with triggers of presupposition to analyze Poe's short story "The Black cat". The researcher will adopt Geurts (1999) model of presupposition analysis to study these triggers. The analysis of this story has shown that Poe heavily depends on Definite descriptions have ranked first scoring one hundred ninety two occurance, this means that this trigger has effect on the story. The second trigger Non-restrictive clauses scored thirty nine and the third rank has been occupied by Adverbial clauses that reoccurred twenty two times in the studied example. The fourth rank has been for Comparative expression which occurred twelve times. The fifth rank is taken for iteratives which reoccurred six times. The sixth ranked are factice items are occurred four times. Counter factual conditional occurs twice. Counter factual verbs occurs twice, Cleft constructions, and Conventional items (1) but implicative verbs, change of state verbs, Verbs of judging, Wh-questions have no scored in the short story. This research comes to the conclusion that one of the problems in assessing the nature of presupposition in linguistics is that there is no one concept of presupposition, but several different triggers, all of which have been related to the word of presupposition
Numerical and linguistic methods were varied in interpretation unless they were in accordance with the grammar
Texts of speech, and this was one of the methods used by linguists and linguists as well
What they call them (the opposite is the opposite), and this is what the word "pregnancy"
Is a synonym for the term "interpretation." This term was often used for syntax
The physical and linguistic cause when an act exceeds the character in which it is known to be infringed, or when
The use of a tool with a little use of it, especially by scientists who knew about it
Pay attention to grammatical errors. The Arabs may have uttered the word and wanted to denounce it
He went even further when the eraser carried away his abr
Marriage as a social case began Almighty God created Adam, peace be upon him then created from the rib Eve to be the first couple of human beings on the face of the earth and the formation of the first social family in the land, human and picked up this social reality through the generations, but in different shapes and purposes, but the mating process is one. So I got the divine religions and organized that life, especially in Islam, as explained every aspect of the life of the role and practice of marriage and had a large share in this organization and I got many Quranic verses and the Hadith.
With different civilizations, many of the marriage ceremony appeared in ancient societies take several forms of marriage.
But marriage and
This research attempted to take advantage of modern techniques in the study of the superstructural phonetic features of spoken text in language using phonetic programs to achieve more accurate and objective results, far from being limited to self-perception and personal judgment, which varies from person to person.
It should be noted that these phonological features (Nabr, waqf, toning) are performance controls that determine the fate of the meaning of the word or sentence, but in the modern era has received little attention and attention, and that little attention to some of them came to study issues related to the composition or style Therefore, we recommend that more attention should be given to the study of
Abstract: The term extremism refers to the distance from moderation, excess and hyperbole, and it is a relative term that varies from one society to another, according to the prevailing traditions, values and culture, as the problem of extremism is one of the main issues that contemporary societies are concerned with is a phenomenon that has its roots in the intellectual formation of societies. By knowing the concept of extremism, we can identify the reasons that contributed to the existence of extremism as a phenomenon, on the one hand; on the other hand, to clarify the role of women in combating extremism and developing effective solutions to reduce this phenomenon. As women play a major role in society, starting from the family to educa
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Balance is a psychological need and a requirement of importance as the individual seeks to maintain it. The research problem is summarized in the question: do students in the kindergarten department have a cognitive balance? The research aims to identify the cognitive balance of students in the kindergarten department and to identify if there are differences among students of the four stages according to the cognitive balance. The research community was limited to the students in the kindergarten department at the University of Baghdad / College of Education for Women and Al-Mustansiriya University / College of Basic Education and Iraqi University / College of Education for Women for the academic y
... Show MoreTo investigate the relationship between increased lipid peroxidation, and the lowering of both plasma total proteins and albumin in lead-exposed workers, and the effectiveness of antioxidants (vit. C and E) in modulating oxidative stress in those workers.
Thirty male and females workers employed in the Iraqi storage battery (age range 20-40 years) were participating in this study. Additionally, 11 healthy subjects were served as healthy controls, with the same age range compared to workers group, to avoid the effects of age variations on the studied parameters. Blood lead levels, erythrocytes and plasma MDA, erythrocytes and plasma GSH, total protein and albumin levels in healthy controls and lead-exposed workers pre- and post-tr
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The aim of this study is to survey and make to revision the genera and species of Chloropidae fauna of Iraq. The investigation showed four species belonging four genera, which belongs to two subfamilies, and one unidentified species belonging to the genus Elachiptera Maquart, The specimens were compared with stored insects at Department of Entomology and invertebrates, Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum.
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Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of epineurotomy of median nerve with just division of the transverse carpal ligament in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Patients & Methods: We conducted a prospective, random study to evaluate the effect of epineurotomy on the outcome of operative treatment of established median-nerve compression in the carpal canal. Fifty hands (forty-four patients) were selected randomly into two groups: group I had a release of the transverse carpal ligament alone, and group II had a release and adjuvant epineurotomy of the median nerve. The groups were similar with regard to age group, gender, duration of symptoms, and preoperative physical findings. All patients had electrophysiological e
... Show MoreMedia theories and studies have provided many diligences on the concept of social media and the circle of influence, including the theory of social marketing which deals with how to promote ideas espoused by the elite in a society to become a recognized social value. The emergence of social networks provided a revolutionary breakthrough, taking the media to unprecedented horizons; and giving its users great opportunities to influence and move across borders without restrictions and censorship, except in a relatively limited manner.
So, the emergence of social media has created channels of live broadcasting from its audience in a method of development that changes the essence of the known communication theories; a
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