An optimization study was conducted to determine the optimal operating pressure for the oil and gas separation vessels in the West Qurna 1 oil field. The ASPEN HYSYS software was employed as an effective tool to analyze the optimal pressure for the second and third-stage separators while maintaining a constant operating pressure for the first stage. The analysis involved 10 cases for each separation stage, revealing that the operating pressure of 3.0 Kg/cm2 and 0.7 Kg/cm2 for the second and third stages, respectively, yielded the optimum oil recovery to the flow tank. These pressure set points were selected based on serval factors including API gravity, oil formation volume factor, and gas-oil ratio from the flow tank. To improve the optimization process for separator sizes, a Python code was developed, combining the Newton Raphson Method (NRM), and Lang Cost Method (LCM), with Retention time calculations. In this process, total purchase cost was the objective function. Two design scenarios were examined, corresponding to throughput of 105,000 KBPD and 52,500 KBPD respectively. In the first scenario, the NRM, LCM, and Retention time methods within the Python code were employed, resulting in a three-stage separation train with costs of $1,534,630 for the first stage, $1,438,239 for the second stage and $1,025,978 for the third stage. The Total purchase cost for the separation train was $3,988,847. In the second scenario, utilizing two separators for each stage to process the same throughput resulted in lower costs, totaling $823,851.5 per stage and a total purchase cost of $2,471,553. These costs were calculated using the Lang Cost method, which included the material cost and utilized a Lang factor of 3.1 to determine the total purchase cost after adding shipping, installation, commissioning, and start-up expenses. The first scenario resulted in larger separators and higher costs, while the second scenario showed lower costs, although it required two vessels per stage to process the same throughput. It was observed that the separator efficiencies were influenced by retention time, with increased retention time leading to improved separator efficiency.
Taguchi experimental design (TED) is applied to find the optimum effectiveness of aqueous Red Pomegranate Peel (RPP) extract as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 2M H3PO4 solution. The Taguchi methodology has been used to study the effects of changing, temperature, RPP concentration and contact period, at three levels. Weight-loss measurements were designed by construction a L9 orthogonal arrangement of experiments. Results of the efficiencies of inhibition were embraced for the signal to noise proportion & investigation of variance (ANOVA). The results were further processed with a MINITAB-17 software package to find the optimal condition
... Show MoreA field experiment was carried out during two winter season 2013, 2014 at the field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, to study the effect of seeds soaking with Gibberellic acid and foliar with Abscisic Acid on the growth, yield, and content of Anise oil seeds using factorial experiment within RCBD design with three replicates. The seeds was treated within GA3 were soaked with two concentrations of 30, and 60 mg. litter-1 in addition to without soaking and the code has been B0 , B1 , B2 overlapped these transactions with two concentrations of Abscisic Acid 3, and 6 mg. litter-1 in addition to without foliar A0 , A1 , A2The seeds to be treated with GA3 are soaked for 24 hours prior
... Show MoreRecords of two regionalized variables were processed for each of porosity and permeability of reservoir rocks in Zubair Formation (Zb-109) south Iraq as an indication of the most important reservoir property which is the homogeneity,considering their important results in criterion most needed for primary and enhanced oil reservoirs.The results of dispersion treatment,the statistical incorporeal indications,boxes plots,rhombus style and tangents angles of intersected circles indicated by confidence interval of porosity and permeability data, have shown that the reservoir rocks of Zubair units (LS),(1L) and (DJ) have reservoir properties of high quality,in contrast to that of Zubair units (MS) and (AB)which have reservoir properties of less q
... Show MoreBackground: With the increased in the demands of adult orthodontics, the challenge of direct bonding to non-enamel surface (zirconium) had been increased. The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of three different brackets (stainless steel, sapphire and composite) bonded to zirconium surface and study the mode of bond failure. Materials and methods: The sample was comprised of 30 models (8mm *6mm*1.5mm) of full contour zirconium veneers. They were divided into three groups according to the brackets type; all samples were treated first by sandblast with aluminum oxide particle 50 µm then coated by z-prime plus primer. A central incisor bracket of each group was bonded to the prepared zirconium surface with lig
... Show MoreOur research is based on the fact that the reflection of entertainment programs in Arab satellite channels on the social behavior of Iraqi youth … a field analysis of the Arab ldol program) and that its importance is the entertainment programs and their reflection on social behavior، which occupies
large areas of time from Satellite channels in the form of various episodes and each episode contains several categories، or in the form of templates and forms of various goals and contents، but the problem of
research boils down to (how far iraqi youth follow the entertainment programs in Arab satellite channels and what are the motives for watching the Program Arab ldol )) by For Iraqi youth and what are the positive and negative
This study addressed the work stress sources and level of the communicator in public relations in governmental institutions in the United Arab Emirates. The importance of this study is the lack of studies on work stress of the communicator in public relations. The study aimed to investigate the work stress source Physical, individual, groups, organizational and Professional source which effect on the performance of communicator in public relations. The researcher used the descriptive approach and questionnaire as an essential tool for collecting information. Some of the important results of the study are The communicator in public relations facing stress in work by 42% which affect on his performance by average level. The organizational
... Show MoreThis study was conducted in the College of Agriculture fields /University of Baghdad, during Autumn 2013. This study was aimed to examine the mortality rate on the all black fly stages of Acaudalerodes rachipora Singh) by the biotic fungus Beuveria bassiana. The results of a preliminary survey showed that the samples of Ziziphus spaina christi were infested by blakflies in Agriculture collage during Autumn seasons of 2013 , the presence of species of black flies A. rachipora on the lower surface of the leaf, the study aimed to study and research the effects of fungus B. bassiana on black fly A. rachipora. After six days of treatment results showed the continued superiority 106 spore / ml trends in the western, southern and
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