This article studies a comprehensive methods of edge detection and algorithms in digital images which is reflected a basic process in the field of image processing and analysis. The purpose of edge detection technique is discovering the borders that distinct diverse areas of an image, which donates to refining the understanding of the image contents and extracting structural information. The article starts by clarifying the idea of an edge and its importance in image analysis and studying the most noticeable edge detection methods utilized in this field, (e.g. Sobel, Prewitt, and Canny filters), besides other schemes based on distinguishing unexpected modifications in light intensity and color gradation. The research as well discusses the benefits and limitations of each technique, emphasizing their efficacy in addressing various kinds of images and the dares they face in complex environs. This article offers a comparative analysis of the numerous approaches utilized in edge detection, which assistances in selecting the suitable technique according to the requirements of applications, like video processing, object recognition, medical image analysis, and computer vision.
Today, the prediction system and survival rate became an important request. A previous paper constructed a scoring system to predict breast cancer mortality at 5 to 10 years by using age, personal history of breast cancer, grade, TNM stage and multicentricity as prognostic factors in Spain population. This paper highlights the improvement of survival prediction by using fuzzy logic, through upgrading the scoring system to make it more accurate and efficient in cases of unknown factors, age groups, and in the way of how to calculate the final score. By using Matlab as a simulator, the result shows a wide variation in the possibility of values for calculating the risk percentage instead of only 16. Additionally, the accuracy will be calculate
... Show MoreA total of (25) stool samples were collected from children and adults (2- 4) years old suffering from diarrhea to isolate E. coli strains that produce heat-stable enterotoxin a (STa), and after performing microscopic examination, cultural characterization and biochemical identification only (11) isolates showed positive E. coli. STa activity was estimated by using suckling mouse assay (SMA) and from these (11) isolates only (5) showed STa activity and the one with the highest STa activity was selected for large scale production of STa, which was followed by partial purification using ion-exchange chromatography (normal phase) using DEAE sephadex A-50 column. After purification and determination of protein concentration by using the standard
... Show MoreThe skull is one of the largest bones in the body. It is classified into flat bones that maintain the important organic structures; which are the brain, eyes, and tongue. The skull is a strong support for preserving these organs but they are various according to the type of animals and the environments in which they live and the nature of their nutrition. There are many differences among living organisms in terms of the bones in the skull, their difference or disappearance and their length in the shape of the head. The samples were taken from the scientific storage in the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum; Cape hare Lepus capensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) and the study was conducted o
... Show MoreThe sensitivity of SnO2 nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide hybrid to NO2 gas is discussed in the present work using density functional theory (DFT). The SnO2 nanoparticles shapes are taken as pyramids, as proved by experiments. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) edges have oxygen or oxygen-containing functional groups. However, the upper and lower surfaces of rGO are clean, as expected from the oxide reduction procedure. Results show that SnO2 particles are connected at the edges of rGO, making a p-n heterojunction with a reduced agglomeration of SnO2 particles and high gas sensitivity. The DFT results are in
The primary aim of this study was to find out the effect of a training program on the development of physical abilities in football goalkeepers. The current study was conducted on goalkeepers of the Academy of Espanyol Sports Club in the premises of Haifa Sports Club Stadium. The study was completed by the researchers within the timeline of May 2021 to August 2021. A total of 7 goalkeepers falling within the age group of 15-17 years were recruited as the sample participants for the study. Out of 7 goalkeepers, 5 goalkeepers were included in the primary experiment and 2 of them were excluded. The training program applied had a positive effect on the development of physical abilities in the football goalkeepers of the sa
... Show MoreIn the present study, MCM-41 was synthesis as a carrier for poorly drugs soluble in water, by the sol-gel technique. Textural and chemical characterizations of MCM-41 were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The experimental results were analyzed mesoporous carriers MCM-41. With maximum drug loading efficiency in MCM-41 determined to be 90.74%. The NYS released was prudently studied in simulated body fluid (SBF) pH 7.4 and the results proved that the release of NYS from MCM-41 was (87.79%) after 18 hr. The data of NYS released was found to be submitted a Weibull model with a correlation coefficient of (0.995). The Historical
... Show MoreThis paper proposes a neuro-fuzzy system to model β-glucosidase activity based on the reaction’s pH level and temperature. The developed fuzzy inference system includes two input variables (pH level and temperature) and one output (enzyme activity). The multi-input fuzzy inference system was developed in two stages: first, developing a single input-single output fuzzy inference system for each input variable (pH, temperature) separately, using the robust adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach. The neural network learning techniques were used to tune the membership functions based on previously published experimental data for β-glucosidase. Second, each input’s optimized membership functions from the ANF
... Show MoreDespite the global economic downturn, online e-commerce, especially the sale of counterfeit goods, continues to witness a rise in sales, and one of the important players in e-commerce is the owners of e-commerce auction sites. Although they do not have a direct role in trademark infringement, they still consider them indirectly responsible (secondary liability) for infringing on their trademarks. Thus, many cases have been filed by the owners of the original trademarks (which have been infringed by persons who have sold some of the goods and products that are imitating their marks through some electronic auctions) against the owners of those auctions. In view of the international character of the Internet, in different countries, and despit
... Show MoreThe condition known as hypothyroidism is common in women, even in those who are fertile. The quantity and caliber of follicles present in the ovary at any one moment are known as the ovarian reserve. Individuals who are susceptible to a decreased ovarian reserve ought to have an assessment of their ovarian reserve conducted. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of hypothyroidism on Iraqi women's ovarian reserve using Inhibin B hormone and hormone tests FSH, LH. There was no discernible variation in the average (±SD) age from (20 to 40) years of the patient group compared to the control group (p-value 0.08). However the mean BMI of the patients were statistically significantly different from the controls (P- value 0.006).Wom
... Show MoreAn oral bi layer sustained release (SR) strips of Sodium Montelukast SMLT , which is selective leukotriene antagonist , used for patients suffered from mid-night asthma , were prepared successfully ,using different polymers, like guar gum , carrageenan , and xanthan gum , by solvent casting method .
The results obtained by this study revealed ,that best fast dissolving film of SMLT was loaded in carrageenan polymer 57% w\w (30mg.) , with acceptable physical properties, like film thickness , elastic endurance and surface pH .
Besides to that , the disintegration t
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