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Tumor-promoting roles of IL-4 and TGF-β3, their implications in the progression of breast tumors
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Immunosuppressive cytokines are the main components of the tumor microenvironment and perform a vital function in controlling the immune response to malignant neoplasms.The objective: to study the influence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) on the development of breast tumors in women.Materials and methods. The concentration of cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β3 in blood serum was determined in 40 women with benign breast tumors, 40 women with malignant breast tumors, and 40 healthy patients without breast pathology, who were included in the control group.Breast cancer (BC) patients were divided into two groups; the first group included patients with the II stage of BC, who were considered to have a low level of BC, and the second group included patients with III and IV stages of BC, who were considered to have a high level. The method of solid phase immunoenzymatic analysis was used to determine the level of cytokines.Results. The results showed that women with benign breast tumors (86.82±1.67 pg/ml) had no statistically significant difference in IL-4 levels compared to the control group (88.25±1.56 pg/ml). However, a significantly higher level of IL-4 (P=0.0001) was found in women with BC (97.12±1.84 pg/ml) compared to the control group.In addition, the results showed that the concentration of TGF-β3 did not increase significantly in women with benign breast tumors (80.84±2.88 pg/ml) compared with patients with BC and controls (80.84±2.88 and 87.89±2.41 pg/ml, respectively). However, the level of TGF-β3 was significantly higher (P=0.01) in women with BC compared to the control group.Conclusions. The results of the current study indicate that the concentrations of TGF-β3 and IL-4 in the blood serum of women may be useful predictors for the early detection of breast cancer, as well as serve as a prognostic indicator of its development.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 17 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of Two of (Turnbull) and (Generalization Turnbulls)non-parametric methods in estimating conditional survival function (applied study on breast cancer patients)
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   This research includes the application of non-parametric methods in estimating the conditional survival function represented in a method (Turnbull) and (Generalization Turnbull's) using data for Interval censored of breast cancer and two types of treatment, Chemotherapy and radiation therapy and age is continuous variable, The algorithm of estimators was applied through using (MATLAB) and then the use average Mean Square Error (MSE) as amusement  to the estimates and the results showed (generalization of Turnbull's) In estimating the conditional survival function and for both treatments ,The estimated survival of the patients does not show very large differences

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
Tropical Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Pharmacodynamic biomarker of CDK4/6 inhibition: prospective evaluation of serum Cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK6 in palbociclib-letrozole-treated metastatic breast cancer
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Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of serum cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK6 as biomarkers of treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods: In a single-center prospective observational study, 74 women with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+)/ human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer were recruited from the Oncology Hospital, Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq. The patients were treated with oral Palbociclib (125 mg) for 21 days, then continued with Letrozole (2.5 mg) for 7 days, and completed six treatment cycles. The candidates were divided into two groups based on therapeutic response: Group 1 responded to the palbociclib plus letrozole combination therapy, a

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Nanomedicine Research Journal
Preparation, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antitumor Activity of Chitosan Schiff base / PVA / PVP Au, Ag Nanocomposite in Treatment of Breast Cancer Cell Line
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Objective(s): Biocompatibility, non-toxicity, minimal allergenicity, and biodegradability are all characteristics of chitosan. Other biological properties of chitosan have been reported, including antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. This research aim is the synthesis of drug compounds by preparation and characterization of polymer chitosan Schiff base and chitosan Schiff base / Poly vinyl alcohol / poly vinyl pyrrolidone Nanocomposite and study applications (anticancer cell line, antimicrobial agents). Methods: Chitosan Schiff base was prepared from the reaction of chitosan with carbonyl group of 4-nitro benzaldehyde. Polymer blend have been prepared by solution casting method. Chitosan Schiff base mixing with PVA and PVP

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Metals Complexes of [N-(4-Nitrobenzoyl Amino)-Thioxomethyl] Phenylalanine
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A new ligand [N-(4-nitrobenzoylamino)-thioxomethyl] phenylalanine is synthesized by reaction of 4-nitrobenzoyl isothiocyanate with phenylalanine (1:1). It is characterized by micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.S.), FT-IR, (UV-Vis) and 1H and 13CNMR spectra. Some metals ions complexes of this ligand were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. From results obtained, the following formula [M(NBA)2] where M2+ = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd and Hg, the proposed molecular structure for these complexes as tetrahedral geometry, except copper and palladium complexes are have square planer geometry.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 03 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes of [4-Methoxy-N-(pyrimidine-2-ylcarbamothioyl)benzamide]
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A new ligand [4-Methoxy -N-(pyrimidine-2-ylcarbamothioyl) benzamide] (MPB) was synthesized by reactioniofi(4-Methoxyibenzoyliisothiocyanate)withi(2-aminopyri-midine). The Ligand was characterized by elemental micro analysis (C.H.N.S),(FT-IR) (UV- Vis) and (1Hi,13CNMR)spectra. Some transition metals complexes of this ligand were prepared and characterized by (FT-IR, UV-Vis) spectra conductivity measurements magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. From the obtained results the molecular formula of all complexes was suggested to be [M(MPB)2Cl2] (M+2i=Cu, Mn, Co ,Ni ,Zn ,Cd and Hg),the proposed geometrical structure for all complexes was an octahedral.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah Journal Of Science
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Metal Complexes of Ligand [N-(3-acetylphenylcarbamothioyl)-4-chlorobenzamide]
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A new ligand [N-(3-acetylphenylcarbamothioyl)-4-chlorobenzamide] (CAD) was synthesized by reaction of 4-Chlorobenzoyl isothiocyanate with 3-amino acetophenone, The ligand was characterized by elemental micro analysis C.H.N. S., FT-IR, UV-Vis and 1H,13C- NMR spectra, some transition metals complexes of this ligand were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption, From obtained results the molecular formula of all prepared complexes were [M(CAD)2(H2O)2]Cl2 (M+2 =Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg),the proposed geometrical structure for all complexes were octahedral.

Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Metals Complexes of [N-(4-Nitrobenzoyl Amino)-Thioxomethyl] Phenylalanine
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A new ligand [N-(4-nitrobenzoylamino)-thioxomethyl] phenylalanine is synthesized by reaction of 4-nitrobenzoyl isothiocyanate with phenylalanine (1:1). It is characterized by micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.S.), FT-IR, (UV-Vis) and 1H and 13CNMR spectra. Some metals ions complexes of this ligand were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. From results obtained, the following formula [M(NBA)2] where M2+ = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd and Hg, the proposed molecular structure for these complexes as tetrahedral geometry, except copper and palladium complexes are have square planer geometry.

Publication Date
Sun Apr 03 2016
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah Journal Of Science
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Metal Complexes of Ligand [N-(3-acetylphenylcarbamothioyl)-4-chlorobenzamide]
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A new ligand [N-(3-acetylphenylcarbamothioyl)-4-chlorobenzamide] (CAD) was synthesized by reaction of 4-Chlorobenzoyl isothiocyanate with 3-amino acetophenone, The ligand was characterized by elemental micro analysis C.H.N. S., FT-IR, UV-Vis and 1H,13C- NMR spectra, some transition metals complexes of this ligand were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption, From obtained results the molecular formula of all prepared complexes were [M(CAD)2(H2O)2]Cl2 (M+2 =Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg),the proposed geometrical structure for all complexes were octahedral

Publication Date
Mon May 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
APPLICATION OF TQM REQUIREMENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE INTERNAL CUSTOMER/ COMPARATIVE STUDY.: APPLICATION OF TQM REQUIREMENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE INTERNAL CUSTOMER/ COMPARATIVE STUDY.
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This study aims to Statement of the relationship between Total Quality Management philosophy and Organizational performance from the point of view of the internal customer. A comparison has been made between two companies, one of which applies the requirements of TQM well and the other does not apply these requirements as the (General Company for Electrical Industries/ Diyala) and (General Company for Electrical Industries/ Baghdad) to conduct the search, During the questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to a sample of 30 employees in the General Company for Electric Industries/ Diyala and (20) employees of the General Company for Electrical Industries/ Baghdad. Their answers were analyzed using a simple correlation coef

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
International Medical Journal
Use of immunohistochemistry and silver in situ hybridization (Sish) in evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) status in Iraqi patients with breast cancer
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Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer related death in women worldwide. Amplification or over-expression of the ERBB2 (HER/neu) gene occurs in approximately 15-30% of breast cancer cases and it is strongly associated with an increased disease recurrence and a poor prognosis. Determination of HER2/neu status is crucial in the treatment plan as that positive cases will respond to trastuzumab therapy. It has been used to test for HER2/neu by immunohistochemistry as a first step and then to study only the equivocal positive cases (score 2+) by in situ hybridization technique. The aim of our study is to compare between immunohistochemistry and silver in situ hybridization (SISH) in assessment of human epidermal growth factor (HER2/neu)

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