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A Robust Base-layer Design for Hierarchical IoT Intrusion Detection Using Hybrid Deep Learning
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The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and their increasing numbers have caused a tremendous increase in network traffic and a wider range of cyber-attacks. This growing trend has complicated the detection process for traditional intrusion detection systems and heightened the challenges faced by these devices, such as imbalanced and large training data. This study presents a cohesive methodology of a series of intelligent techniques to prepare clean and balanced data for training the first (core) layer of a robust hierarchical intrusion detection system. The methodology was built by cleaning and compressing the data using an Autoencoder and preparing a strong latent space for balancing using a hybrid method that combines Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) with Borderline-SMOTE. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to select the most important features that provide the greatest amount of information for training the first layer, which was built using deep learning techniques, and linking them in a hybrid manner that combines a Convolutional Neural Network–Long Short-Term Memory (CNN–LSTM) and the Attention mechanism. The proposed model was evaluated using two different types of datasets: the CICIOT2023 dataset, which is characterized by its large size and significant variation in the number of attacks, and the UNSW-NB15 dataset, which is characterized by its simplicity and less imbalance compared to the first dataset, to prepare and generalize the system across multiple environments. The proposed class showed binary classification results with an accuracy of 0.94, an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.93, an optimized F1-score of 0.338, and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.324 at the best threshold on the CICIoT2023 dataset. It also achieved an accuracy of approximately 0.96, an AUC of 0.985, and an MCC of over 0.82 on the UNSW-NB15 dataset. These results confirmed the construction of a strong and resilient layer, preparing the foundation for a robust hierarchical offside detection system.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Stability Study of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes with Pyrazol Derivative
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In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate, which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1, 2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N), flame atomic absorption technique, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, in additio

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