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Development of natural deep eutectic solvent‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction method for soap removal from biodiesel: Optimization and kinetics
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Abstract<p>The soap content in biodiesel is an important challenge during the production and purification processing of biodiesel. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have recently attracted considerable interest as an environmentally suitable substitute for traditional solvents in the biodiesel industry. This work investigates the soap removal from the contaminated biodiesel using NADES. Eight choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were screened using the conductor‐like screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS) to identify the most suitable solvent for soap removal and were validated experimentally. The effect of NADES molar ratio, NADES:biodiesel ratio, mixing speed and extraction time on the extraction efficiency were investigated. COSMO‐RS screening revealed that the malonic acid‐based NADES possess higher soap elimination, and this is compatible with the experimental screening. The higher extraction efficiency of 99.18% was achieved under the optimum conditions of 1:3 of NADES molar ratio, 1:1 DES:biodiesel, 150 rpm and 15 min of extraction time. The soap removal followed the first‐order kinetic equation with a rate constant of 0.183 min<sup>−1</sup>. This technique offers innovative and environmentally friendly routes for downstream processing of contaminated biodiesel.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 03 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of glibenclamide in pharmaceutical formulations
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A sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of glibenclamide in its tablet formulations has been proposed. The method is based on the dissolving of glibenclamide in absolute ethanol and measuring the native fluorescence at 354 nm after excitation at 302 nm. Beers law is obeyed in the concentration of 1.4 to 10 µg.ml-1 of glibenclamide with a limit of detection (LD) of 0.067 µg.ml-1 and a standard deviation of 0.614. The range percent recoveries (N=3) is 94 - 103.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Applied Spectroscopy
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF METOCLOPRAMIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS
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A UV-Vis spectrophotometry method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pure and several pharmaceutical preparations, such as Permosan tablets, Meclodin syrups, and Plasil ampoules. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of metoclopramide hydrochloride with sodium nitrate and hydrochloric acid to yield the diazonium salt, which is then reacted with 3,5-dimethyl phenol in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form a yellow azo dye. Calibration curves were linear in the range from 0.3 to 6.5 µg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993. The limits of detection and quantification were determined and found to be 0.18 and 0.61 µg/mL, respectively. Accuracy and precision were also determined b

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectrophotometric method for the determination of Captopril in pharmaceutical formulations
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A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of captopril in aqueous solution. The method is based on reaction of captopril with 2,3-dichloro 1,4- naphthoquinon(Dichlone) in neutral medium to form a stable yellow colored product which shows maximum absorption at 347 nm with molar absorptivity of 5.6 ×103 L.mole-1. cm-1. The proposed method is applied successfully for determination of captopril in commercial pharmaceutical tablets.

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 29 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Energy Research
Performance of the dye‐sensitized solar cells fabricated using natural dyes from <i>Ixora coccinea</i> flowers and <i>Cymbopogon schoenanthus</i> leaves as sensitizers
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Publication Date
Wed Feb 12 2020
Journal Name
Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health
Microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty versus submucosal diathermy in treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy
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The surgical treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) is challenging. Submucosal diathermy (SMD) is a well-known surgical procedure used for the treatment of ITH, microdebrider-assisted rhinoplasty (MAT) is relatively a newer technique used in the management of ITH. To evaluate the effect of MAT on inferior turbinate size and nasal airway patency in patients with bilateral ITH in comparison to SMD. Seventy-one patients presented with nasal obstruction due to bilateral ITH were allocated into two groups, group a (35 patients) were subjected to SMD and 36 patients in group B were subjected to MAT. All the patients had been sent to CT scan pre-operatively and at the third postoperative month to measure the cross-sectional areas

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 21 2025
Journal Name
Chemical Papers
Viscosity reduction of heavy crude oil using ultrasonication assisted by SiFe nanoparticles
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 21 2025
Journal Name
Chemical Papers
Viscosity reduction of heavy crude oil using ultrasonication assisted by SiFe nanoparticles
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Optics
Production and characterization of porous silicon via laser-assisted etching as photodetector: effect of different HF concentrations
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 05 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The requirements of curriculum development for the public stage in Iraq
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 Chapter One : the importance of research and the need for it .
       He has developed the concept of the curriculum has evolved as other educational concepts . Because the world has become a small village due to modern technology and are used in various aspects of life , and the rapid communication between the world can be accessed easily and conveniently . And that the purpose of education citizens who create social functions which ones to keep the culture , upgrade and repair flaws, and aims to develop the capacity of the individual and the preparations in the footsteps of scientific and technological development .
- The goal of research : The research aims to:
1 . What is the

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Development of carbon nanotubes catalyst supported for alkaline fuel cell technology
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Abstract<p>Study of the development of an activated carbon nanotube catalyst for alkaline fuel cell technology. Through the prepared carbon nanotubes catalyst by an electrochemical deposition technique. Different analytical approaches such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the structural properties and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), were used to characterize, Mesh stainless steel catalyst substrate had an envelope structure and a large surface area. Voltages were also obtained at 1.83 V and current at 3.2 A of alkaline fuel cell. In addition, study the characterization of the electrochemical parameters.</p>
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