Indoor air pollution is a critical environmental challenge with negative impacts on human health, especially in urban and enclosed settings. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of three indoor ornamental plants—Epipremnum aureum, Sansevieria trifasciata, and Syngonium podophyllum Schott—against pollutants generated by cigarette smoke and kerosene combustion. Plants were exposed under controlled indoor conditions, while particulate matter (PM₁. ₀, PM₂. ₅, PM₁₀), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) were measured before, during, and after exposure. Plant tolerance was assessed using the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), calculated from total chlorophyll content, leaf extract pH, ascorbic acid, and relative water content. Both cigarette smoke and kerosene combustion caused significant increases in all measured pollutants (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.588–0.894). Specifically, cigarette smoke increased PM₁.₀ from 71.6 ± 29.5 to 564.5 ± 174.8 μg/m3, PM₂. ₅ from 101.9 ± 53.9 to 788.4 ± 196.9 μg/m3, PM₁₀ from 68.7 ± 14.7 to 498.9 ± 154.4 μg/m3, TVOCs from 79.1 ± 60.6 to 0.53 ± 0.17 mg/m3, and CO₂ from 459.5 ± 88.8 to 1067.1 ± 281.2 ppm. Kerosene combustion increased PM₁.₀ from 70.6 ± 42.2 to 462.0 ± 183.4 μg/m3, PM₂.₅ from 101.7 ± 71.4 to 774.3 ± 249.3 μg/m3, PM₁₀ from 124.4 ± 83.6 to 796.0 ± 290.2 μg/ m3, TVOCs from 77.5 ± 61.9 to 3.0 ± 15.4 mg/m3, and CO₂ from 459.5 ± 88.8 to 1560.8 ± 412.5 ppm. Foliar applications of glycine, yeast extract, and their combination significantly enhanced plant tolerance, with S. podophyllum showing the highest APTI (101.0) and S. trifasciata moderate tolerance (77.6), while E. aureum exhibited lower tolerance (32.6). These findings indicate that selected ornamental plants can effectively mitigate indoor air pollution, whereas sensitive species such as E. aureum may serve as bioindicators for monitoring indoor air quality.
This study was conducted in the botanical garden, Department of biology, College of Science / Mustansiriyah University in spring season, where the starts from (15 February to 15 March, 2019). Under the natural environmental conditions in the greenhouse in order to evaluate the effectiveness of some plant extracts as a promoter for rooting the apical stem cutting of rosemary plants at different concentrations compared with the IBA growth regulator. Plant extracts are Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Dill (Anethum graveolens) and date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) were used with concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5 g / l). The IBA concentration was (100 mg / L) with dipping time 24 hour for all treatments. The following measurements were taken aft
... Show More There is an increase in the need for cost accounting in all organizations and from different sectors to provide detailed information to the totals of financial accounting, first and help solve problems associated with inventory and analysis, tabulation and allocation of cost elements II and do the planning process and provide the necessary oversight and help to take the right decisions such as pricing decisions that need to Information cost accounting.
And suffer most of the non-governmental organizations from the lack of a cost accounting system provides information on the cost of service in these organizations and the department research sample circle v
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the terrestrial invertebrates in Al-Jadriyia district Baghdad- Iraq were investigated. Forth terrestrial invertebrates snails, slug, isopods, and diplopods , were selected for this study. The results showed that all invertebrate groups have the ability in accumulate considerable amounts of heavy metals. Higher levels of zinc and copper were observed in the isopods specimens, it's about ( 60.50±0.58 ) and ( 96.00±0.58 ) ppm respectively , while higher levels of lead were observed in the diplopods specimens ,it's about ( 23.00±1.15 ) ppm ,but the higher levels of both iron and cadmium were observed in snail specimens , it's about ( 590.00±1.15 ) and ( 9.50±1.15 ) ppm respectively .but the
... Show MoreThe thyroid gland is a vital part of the overall endocrine system, which is regulated some of body function as oxygen use, basal metabolic rate, growth, cellular metabolism and development This study shed light on a number of extracts that have been shown to have beneficial effects on the thyroid and its function, as well as the various factors linked to thyroid dysfunction. The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of a mixture of two extracts of "Fucus vesiculosus (150 mg/ kg) with Coleus forskohlii (1000 mg/ kg) and Rosmarinus officinalis (220 mg/ kg) with Camellia sinensis (1.25 mg/ kg)" on thyroid hormones as well as lipids profile and tested the effectiveness of two drugs one of them stimulates the hormones of the thyroid (
... Show MoreThis study investigates the levels of gaseous and particulate pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, and CO₂) emitted during charcoal-grilling activities in five selected restaurants in the Al-Karkh district of Baghdad, with a focus on their environmental and health implications. Developing countries, including Iraq, face severe pollution-related challenges exacerbated by inefficient combustion processes inherent to traditional cooking practices. Restaurants that rely on charcoal grilling are a significant source of both indoor and outdoor air pollution, posing acute and chronic health risks to workers and patrons. This research documented measured amounts of pollutants released from burning coal using two types of particulate matter (PM2.5; PM10)
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