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From data to decision: How wearable plant sensors help improving proactive irrigation strategies and water use efficiency
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Wearable sensors are a revolutionary tool in agriculture because they collect accurate data on plant environmental conditions that affect plant growth in real-time. Moreover, this technology is crucial in increasing agricultural sustainability and productivity by improving irrigation strategies and water resource management. This review examines the role of wearable sensors in measuring plant water content, leaf and air humidity, stem flow, plant and air temperature, light, and soil moisture sensors. Wearable sensors are designed to monitor various plant physiological parameters in real-time. These data, obtained through wearable sensors, provide information on plant water use and physiology, making our agricultural choices more informed and accurate. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies can improve irrigation strategies and reduce water consumption by analyzing data from wearable sensors and adapting it to automate the irrigation system. The review also highlights the importance of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to predict plant water needs accurately. This review concludes that wearable sensors provide accurate and real-time data on the stress state of plants and their surroundings, improving water management efficiency and agricultural production sustainability. These IOT and AI-enabled technologies are a crucial milestone toward smart and sustainable agriculture, which shows the importance of innovation in responding to enhanced climate threats.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using panel data in structural equations with application
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The non static chain is always the problem of static analysis so that explained some of theoretical work, the properties of statistical regression analysis to lose when using strings in statistic and gives the slope of an imaginary relation under consideration.  chain is not static can become static by adding variable time to the multivariate analysis the factors to remove the general trend as well as variable placebo seasons to remove the effect of seasonal .convert the data to form exponential or logarithmic , in addition to using the difference repeated d is said in this case it integrated class d. Where the research contained in the theoretical side in parts in the first part the research methodology ha

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 12 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Accounting Mining Data Using Neural Networks (Case study)
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Business organizations have faced many challenges in recent times, most important of which is information technology, because it is widely spread and easy to use. Its use has led to an increase in the amount of data that business organizations deal with an unprecedented manner. The amount of data available through the internet is a problem that many parties seek to find solutions for. Why is it available there in this huge amount randomly? Many expectations have revealed that in 2017, there will be devices connected to the internet estimated at three times the population of the Earth, and in 2015 more than one and a half billion gigabytes of data was transferred every minute globally. Thus, the so-called data mining emerged as a

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
External audit data on liabilitySocial organizations for profit
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Givers of foreign Audit about Social Responsibility of Profit Organization. The recent time is charcterstically with big economic Organization activities, because there are many transactions between these Organizations and different financial markets development techniques.

This  encourgage business men to increase their efforts for investment in these markets. Because the Accounting is in general terms it represents a language of these Unions Activities and translate them in to fact numbers, for that there is need for Accounting recording for certain of these Organizations behavior and their harmonization with their Objectives.

In this respect the Audit function comes to che

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
New Adaptive Data Transmission Scheme Over HF Radio
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Acceptable Bit Error rate can be maintained by adapting some of the design parameters such as modulation, symbol rate, constellation size, and transmit power according to the channel state.

An estimate of HF propagation effects can be used to design an adaptive data transmission system over HF link. The proposed system combines the well known Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) together with variable rate transmission system. The standard ALE is modified to suite the required goal of selecting the best carrier frequency (channel) for a given transmission. This is based on measuring SINAD (Signal plus Noise plus Distortion to Noise plus Distortion), RSL (Received Signal Level), multipath phase distortion and BER (Bit Error Rate) fo

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 30 2014
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Estimation Liquid Permeability Using Air Permeability Laboratory Data
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Permeability data has major importance work that should be handled in all reservoir simulation studies. The importance of permeability data increases in mature oil and gas fields due to its sensitivity for the requirements of some specific improved recoveries. However, the industry has a huge source of data of air permeability measurements against little number of liquid permeability values. This is due to the relatively high cost of special core analysis.
The current study suggests a correlation to convert air permeability data that are conventionally measured during laboratory core analysis into liquid permeability. This correlation introduces a feasible estimation in cases of data loose and poorly consolidated formations, or in cas

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimating the reliability function of Kumaraswamy distribution data
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The aim of this study is to estimate the parameters and reliability function for kumaraswamy distribution of this two positive parameter  (a,b > 0), which is a continuous probability that has many characterstics with the beta distribution with extra advantages.

The shape of the function for this distribution and the most important characterstics are explained and estimated the two parameter (a,b) and the reliability function for this distribution by using the maximum likelihood method (MLE) and Bayes methods. simulation experiments are conducts to explain the behaviour of the estimation methods for different sizes depending on the mean squared error criterion the results show that the Bayes is bet

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Analysis of Recorded Inflow Data of Ataturk Reservoir
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Since the beginning of the last century, the competition for water resources has intensified dramatically, especially between countries that have no agreements in place for water resources that they share. Such is the situation with the Euphrates River which flows through three countries (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq) and represents the main water resource for these countries. Therefore, the comprehensive hydrologic investigation needed to derive optimal operations requires reliable forecasts. This study aims to analysis and create a forecasting model for data generation from Turkey perspective by using the recorded inflow data of Ataturk reservoir for the period (Oct. 1961 - Sep. 2009). Based on 49 years of real inflow data

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Bulletin Of Electrical Engineering And Informatics
Traffic management inside software-defined data centre networking
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In recent years, data centre (DC) networks have improved their rapid exchanging abilities. Software-defined networking (SDN) is presented to alternate the impression of conventional networks by segregating the control plane from the SDN data plane. The SDN presented overcomes the limitations of traditional DC networks caused by the rapidly incrementing amounts of apps, websites, data storage needs, etc. Software-defined networking data centres (SDN-DC), based on the open-flow (OF) protocol, are used to achieve superior behaviour for executing traffic load-balancing (LB) jobs. The LB function divides the traffic-flow demands between the end devices to avoid links congestion. In short, SDN is proposed to manage more operative configur

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
International Medical Journal
The Effect of Adding Poloxamer Surfactant on Cleaning Efficiency of NaOCl and NaOH (SEM Study)
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Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of adding a poloxamer surfactant to the irrigant solutions on its cleaning efficiency. Design: In this study the roots of extracted permanent premolar teeth were used and evaluated by using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Materials and Method: 72 human single tooth of permanent premolar (8 for each group) were used in this in vitro study. Roots after sectioning at cervical area to get 15 mm were embedded in a plastic container filled with impression silicon, then instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments till size F4. Each group (8 root) were irrigated with one of the nine solutions used in study: three concentrations of NaOH [5% (A1), 2.5%(A2), 0.5%(A3)], th

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Academy Of Accounting And Financial Studies Journal
EFFICIENCY OF PERFORMANCE AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX -REALISTIC VIEW OF THE GENERAL TAX AUTHORITY
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The process of evaluating and measuring tax performance is critical to support the tax collection process. The comparison of the amount of revenue collection with what is expected and the process of measuring tax performance continuously by the tax administration leads to increase the collection of tax, determine the size of deviations and stand and know the reasons and take the necessary measures to address them to get a better result in the future. According to the different tasks assigned to them, criteria and indicators for measuring the tax performance vary from one organization to another. These are indicators or criteria that measure tax revenue (i.e., amounts). One of the research's main findings was to raise the tax collection leve

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