The main objective of this research is to find out the effect of deviation in the aggregate gradients of asphalt mixtures from the Job Mix Formula (JMF) on the general mixture performance. Three road layers were worked on (wearing layer, binder layer, and base layer) and statistical analysis was performed for the data of completed projects in Baghdad city, and the sieve that carried the largest number of deviations for each layer was identified. No.8 sieve (2.36mm), No.50 sieve (0.3mm), and 3/8'' sieve (9.5mm) had the largest number of deviations in the wearing layer, the binder layer, and the base layer respectively. After that, a mixture called Mix 1, was made. This mixture was selected from a number of completed mixtures, and it represents the worst mixture. Mix 1 was compared with two other mixtures, Mix 2 and Mix 3, Mix 2 represents the mean of JMF for the gradients of aggregates, and Mix 3 is the same as Mix 1 except for the sieve that contains the largest number of deviations, so the gradient of aggregates for it is the mean of JMF. Fifteen Marshall specimens were made for each mixture and for each layer in order to know the differences in Marshall properties between the mixtures. Also, 6 specimens were made for each mixture (the total is 18 specimens for each layer) to check the indirect tensile strength, for the purpose of knowing the mixtures' susceptibility to moisture. Finally, 1 specimen was made for each mixture for repeated load test for the purpose of knowing the performance of the mixtures with respect to permanent deformation. The tests showed that the performance of Mix 2 and Mix 3 was improved in comparison with Mix 1. The deviation of the aggregate gradients in specific sieves may be higher than the limits of the JMF or it may be less, and in both cases, the implementation of a mixture like Mix 1 for the streets is bad for the performance of the road and failures occur due to the wrong implementation of the JMF. On the other hand, there are much better mixtures in all respects such as Mix 2 and Mix 3, and if they are implemented on the streets, they will certainly have much better.
Surface water samples from different locations within Tigris River's boundaries in Baghdad city have been analyzed for drinking purposes. Correlation coefficients among different parameters were determined. An attempt has been made to develop linear regression equations to predict the concentration of water quality constituents having significant correlation coefficients with electrical conductivity (EC). This study aims to find five regression models produced and validated using electrical conductivity as a predictor to predict total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The five models showed good/excellent prediction ability of the parameters mentioned above, which is a very
... Show MoreSurface water samples from different locations within Tigris River's boundaries in Baghdad city have been analyzed for drinking purposes. Correlation coefficients among different parameters were determined. An attempt has been made to develop linear regression equations to predict the concentration of water quality constituents having significant correlation coefficients with electrical conductivity (EC). This study aims to find five regression models produced and validated using electrical conductivity as a predictor to predict total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The five models showed good/excellent prediction ability of the parameters mentioned
... Show MoreCharacterization of the heterogonous reservoir is complex representation and evaluation of petrophysical properties and application of the relationships between porosity-permeability within the framework of hydraulic flow units is used to estimate permeability in un-cored wells. Techniques of flow unit or hydraulic flow unit (HFU) divided the reservoir into zones laterally and vertically which can be managed and control fluid flow within flow unit and considerably is entirely different with other flow units through reservoir. Each flow unit can be distinguished by applying the relationships of flow zone indicator (FZI) method. Supporting the relationship between porosity and permeability by using flow zone indictor is ca
... Show MoreHighly Modified Asphalt (HiMA) binders have garnered significant attention due to their superior resistance to rutting, fatigue cracking, and thermal distress under heavy traffic loads and extreme environmental conditions. While elastomeric polymers such as Styrene- Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) have been extensively used in HiMA applications, the potential of plastomeric polymers, including Polyethylene (PE) and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), remains largely unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the performance of reference binder (RB) modified with plastomeric HiMA asphalt in comparison to SBS-modified binders and determine the optimal polymer dosage for achieving an optimal balance between rutting resistance and fatigue durability. The experi
... Show MoreThe subgrade soil is the foundation plate form of the roadway; it should sustain its structural characteristics throughout the design life of the roadway with minimal requirements for maintenance. When Gypseous soil is implemented in the construction of subgrade, problems regarding collapsibility and poor structural capacity usually occur when the subgrade came in touch with excess water. Asphalt stabilization could furnish a proper solution to such problems. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to monitor the variations in compressibility characteristics of asphalt stabilized subgrade soil subjected to 30 cycles of (freezing-thawing) and (heating-cooling). Data have been observed after each 10 cycles, and compared with that of r
... Show MoreIn this work, an experimental analysis is made to predict the thermal performance of the natural-convection phenomenon from a heated vertical externally finned-tube to surrounding air through an open-ended enclosure. Two different configurations of longitudinal rectangular fin namely, continuous and interrupted are utilized with constant thickness, different numbers, and different heights are extended radially on the outer surface of a heated tube. The tube is heated electrically from inner surface with five varied power input magnitudes. The effect of fins configuration, fins number, fins height, and heat flux of the inner tube surface on the thermal performance of natural c
... Show MoreAbstract
The Purpose of This Research is The Main Factors In out Comes Phenomena From Primary School Which in Creased in Lost Period in Iraq And to Find Solutions to The This Problem.
In Order to Achieve Al The Aim The Research Choose a Systematic Random Sample of School Records For Students in Some Primary Schools in Karkh and Rusafa and Year of Study (2010-2015) and Size (40) Samples, included (16) Variable , Collected in Form Prepared by The Research As a Way to Analyze The Data.
Remember to Summarize The (6) Main components Pay a Student to Drop out of Primary Schools in The Province of Baghdad are Arranged As Follows:
... Show MoreLanguage as a means of communication has long been the concern of many conversation analysts in their studies such as: Sacks et al. (1974), Schegloff et al. (1977), Duncan (1972), Grice (1975) and Burton (1980). Burton has attempted analyzing the first ten transitions of the play “The Dumb Waiter” for mere a presentation of her approach. This paper aims at analyzing the conversational structure of forum on the subject of literary fiction and genre fiction by applying Burton’s model (1980) of analysis to answer the question to what extent this model is applicable in analyzing the presented text. The findings of the investigation have proved the applicability of the structure of conversation formulated by Burton (1980) in her model wit
... Show MoreValues are penetrating or interfering in the lives of individuals and groups and are connected to them in the sense of life itself, because they are closely linked to the motives of behavior, hopes and goals, and can be said that values are everything. The concept of values is one of the concepts that have received the attention of researchers from different disciplines. This has resulted in a kind of confusion and variation in use from one specialization to the other, and uses multiple uses within one specialization. Therefore, there is no uniform definition of values because they relate to individuals. Individuals differ in many things, such as perception,
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