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Interfacial Bond Strength and Morphology of Sound and Caries-affected Dentin Surfaces Bonded to Two Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cements
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SUMMARY<sec> <title>Objective

To evaluate the shear bond strength and interfacial morphology of sound and caries-affected dentin (CAD) bonded to two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) after 24 hours and two months of storage in simulated body fluid at 37°C.

Methods and Materials

Sixty-four permanent human mandibular first molars (32 sound and 32 with occlusal caries, following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System) were selected. Each prepared substrate (sound and CAD) was conditioned (10% polyacrylic acid) and bonded to Activa BioACTIVE Restorative (Activa) and Fuji II LC (F2LC) as per the manufacturers’ instructions. Shear bond strength (SBS) was performed after 24 hours and two months of storage. The interfacial surfaces were examined using a digital microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α=0.05), and independent T-tests were used for multifactorial analysis.

Results

Activa exhibited reduced bond strength values to sound and CAD in comparison to F2LC after two time periods (p=0.01). There is a pronounced enhancement in SBS of F2LC when bonded to CAD (p=0.01) after storage, with no statistically significant effect on sound dentin (p=0.309). Activa showed stable SBS to sound and CAD immediately and post-aging (p&gt;0.05). However, the evidence of mineral-like deposits under an SEM attached to the aged, debonded dentin surfaces, thereby obliterating the exposed dentinal tubules, might support the tissue repair potential of Activa.

Conclusions

The SBS of Activa was lower than F2LC when bonded to sound and CAD, but the bonding stability and sealing ability is advantageous in minimally invasive therapy, suggesting use with a resin composite coverage when used in stress-bearing areas.

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 28 2026
Journal Name
Al.qadisiya Journal For The Sciences Of Physical Education
The Influence of Using Special Exercises with Weights to Develop Moments of Force to Some of the Striking Shoulder and Arm Muscles and Accuracy of the Skill of the Smash and Rectum in Volleyball
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This research is an attempt to develop exercise with weights to strengthen some of the striking muscles in the shoulder and arm and to develop the accuracy of the smash and rectum skills. The importance of this paper lies in the study of moments of force to achieve the ability to control muscular work and to explore the impact of physical and skill exercises with weights to develop moments of force for some muscles. The experimental method on a sample of players, selected according to the intentional method, including ( 9) advanced players representing Air Force Club participating in the Premier League for season 2011-2012. It is concluded that the exercises proposed have their effective impact on developing the variables of moments force f

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium (VLLE) Data for the Systems Ethyl acetate + Water, Toluene + Water and Toluene + Ethyl acetate + Water at 101.3 kPa. Using Modified Equilibrium Still
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Isobaric Vapor-Liquid-Liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems ethyl acetate + water, toluene + water and the ternary system toluene + ethyl acetate + water were determined by a modified equilibrium still, the still consisted of a boiling and a condensation sections supplied with mixers that helped to correct the composition of the recycled condensed liquid and the boiling temperature readings in the condensation and boiling sections respectively. The VLLE data where predicted and correlated using the Peng-Robinson Equation of State in the vapor phase and one of the activity coefficient models Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC and the UNIFAC in the liquid phase and also were correlated using the Peng-Robinson Equation of State in both the vapo

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 08 2023
Journal Name
مجلة حمورابي للدراسات
adolescents exposure to the specialized satellite channel cartoon network and its relationship to their level of technological culture
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Publication Date
Sun May 06 2012
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences
Analysis study (Guessing and techntion of self consistent degree) in choosing the perfect way from different method for two kinds rotation (orthogonal & oblique) in factore
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The factorial analysis method consider a advanced statistical way concern in different ways like physical education field and the purpose to analyze the results that we want to test it or measure or for knowing the dimensions of some correlations between common variables that formed the phenomenon in less number of factors that effect on explanation , so we must depend use the self consistent that achieved for reaching that basic request. The goal of this search that depending on techntion of self consistent degree guessing for choosing perfect way from different methods for (orthogonal & oblique) kinds in physical education factor studies and we select some of references for ( master & doctoral) and also the scientific magazine and confere

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 28 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A Comparison between the Horizontal Condylar and Bennett Angles of Iraqi Full Mouth Rehabilitation Patients by Using Two Different Articulator Systems (An In-Vivo Study)
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Background: Errors of horizontal condylar inclinations and Bennett angles had largely affected the articulation of teeth and the pathways of cusps. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare between the horizontal condylar (protrusive) angles and Bennett angles of full mouth rehabilitation patients using two different articulator systems. Materials and Methods: Protrusive angles and Bennett angles of 50 adult males and females Iraqi TMD-free full mouth rehabilitation patients were estimated by using two different articulator systems. Arbitrary hinge axis location followed by protrusive angles and Bennett angles, estimation was done by a semiadjustable articulator system. A fully adjustable articulator system was utilized to locate th

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
An Experimental Study to Demonstrate the Effect of Alumina Nanoparticles and Synthetic Fibers on Oil Well Cement Class G
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    In the drilling and production operations, the effectiveness of cementing jobs is crucial for efficient progress. The compressive strength of oil well cement is a key characteristic that reflects its ability to withstand forceful conditions over time. This study evaluates and improves the compressive strength and thickening time of Iraqi oil well cement class G from Babylon cement factory using two types of additives (Nano Alumina and Synthetic Fiber) to comply with the American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications. The additives were used in different proportions, and a set of samples was prepared under different conditions. Compressive strength and thickening time measurements were taken under different conditions. The amoun

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 03 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Predication of the Type of Jupiter Radio Storm from Two Different Iraqi Locations
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A program in Visual Basic language was designed to predict the type of radio storm that emitted from Jupiter at specific Local Time (LT) from two different Iraqi locations (Baghdad and Basra), such storms result from the Central Meridian Longitude (CML) of system ??? for Jupiter and phase of Io’s satellite (?Io). Some of these storms are related to position of Io (Io- A,B,C,D) and others are unrelated (non-Io-A,B,C,D) to its position. The input parameters for this program were user specified by determining the observer’s location (longitude), year, month and day. The output program results in form of tables provides the observer with information about the date and the LT of beginning and end of each type of emitted storm. Two Io-storm r

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 24 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Possible protective effects of two different doses of cyanocobalamin against methotrexate nephrotoxicity in rats
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Abstract

   Nephrotoxicity is defined as rapid deterioration in kidney functions. It arises from direct exposure to drugs or their metabolites. Methotrexate is a famous chemotherapeutic drug with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. A high-dose methotrexate-induced renal dysfunction can be life threatening. Cyanocobalamin, one of the forms of vitamin B12, acts as a coenzyme in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine in the cytosol, and the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA in the mitochondrion. This study is designed to examine the effect of cyanocobalamin in two different doses each co-administered with methotrexate at 20 mg/kg induced nephrotoxicity in rat

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 25 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
BREEDING POTENTIAL OF RICE GENOTYPES IN TWO AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF SULAIMANI - KURDISTAN REGION - IRAQ
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This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variability of 26 rice genotypes and evaluation at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Gaba and Chawtan which were completely different in their environmental condition during the season of 2019. The performances of the genotypes were analyzed at both locations as well as the average of both. Simple coefficients of correlation were used to assess the grain yield components and their relationships. Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of such components on grain yield plant-1. The genotypes were grouped based on the agro-morphological features using cluster analysis. Almost all of the traits at both locat

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 21 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Engineering &amp; Technology
Determination of liquefaction potential for two selected sites in Kerbala city- middle of Iraq
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Geotechnical characterization of the sites has been investigated with the collection of borehole data from different sources. Using the data, grain size distribution curves have been developed to understand the particle size distribution of the alluvium present. These curves were further used for preliminary assessment of liquefiable areas. From geotechnical characterization, it has been observed that the soil profile in the two sites is dominated by sand and silty sand.Seed and Idriss (1971) approachhas been usedevaluatethe liquefaction potentialbydeterminationof the relation between the maximum ground acceleration (a max/g) valuesdue to an earthquake and the relative density of a sand deposit in the field. The results reveal that

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