Steel corrosion in acidic environments is a critical industrial challenge, necessitating effective yet eco-friendly inhibitors. This study aims to address this problem by introducing a novel, green alternative: frankincense extract (FE). The distinctive contribution of this work lies in the comprehensive investigation of FE natural, sustainable, and economically viable resin as an effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl. The research employs an integrated methodology, including electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)), adsorption isotherm modeling, surface analysis (FT-IR and FESEM/EDX), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Key results demonstrated that FE exhibited excellent inhibition performance, achieving a remarkable efficiency of 87.2% at a concentration of 16 g/L and 303 K. PDP analysis confirmed FE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. EIS results corroborated this performance, showing 75.89% inhibition efficiency. Adsorption behavior adhered to the Langmuir isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters revealed a spontaneous and exothermic process indicative of mixed physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. Kinetic studies further supported this by showing an increased activation energy barrier for corrosion in the presence of the inhibitor. Surface analysis confirmed the formation of a protective adsorbed film on the steel. Quantum chemical computations provided molecular-level insights, correlating the electronic structure of key FE constituents with their adsorption strength. The study establishes FE as a cost-effective, sustainable, and highly efficient green corrosion inhibitor, offering a viable solution for protecting carbon steel infrastructure in aggressive acidic media.
Frankincense Extract as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 1M HCl Solution
Frankincense extract
Corrosion Inhibitor
Green Inhibitor
Carbon Steel
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Stability Study of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes with Pyrazol Derivative
In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate
which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV)
Zr(IV)
Rh(III)
Pd(II)
Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1
2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy
as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N)
flame atomic absorption technique
FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy
in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio was obtained for all complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method
which gave comparable results with those obtained for the solid complexes. As well as the appa
In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate, which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1, 2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N), flame atomic absorption technique, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, in additio
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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Applied Acoustics
Theoretical model of absorption coefficient of an inhomogeneous MPP absorber with multi-cavity depths
Micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorber has been known as an alternative absorber to classical porous material given its facile installation
long durability
environmental friendliness and attractive appearance. Extensive studies of MPP absorber proposing the improvement of its absorption frequency bandwidth have been published. This study presents a MPP absorber introduced with inhomogeneous perforations and with multi-cavity depths. The MPP is divided into two sub-area
where each area has different hole diameter
perforation ratio and a separated backed cavity depth. The acoustic impedance is modelled using electrical equivalent circuit and the absorption coefficient is calculated under normal-incidence of sound. It is found that the inhomogeneous MPP can have good bandwidth of absorption by designing the sub-MPP of smaller perforation ratio with large hole diameter and the one having the larger perforation ratio with smaller hole diameter. The absorption bandwidth can be conveniently controlled by adjusting the cavity depth of each sub-MPP. The results from the experimental work show good agreement with the theoretical model.
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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Environmental Advances
Stability and performance studies of emulsion liquid membrane on pesticides removal using mixture of Fe3O4Â nanoparticles and span80
The current study investigated the impact of nonionic surfactant span 80 in the existence of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on the emulsification of mixture of kerosene as petroleum based organic solvents and corn oil as a green diluent in the ratio 1:1
HCl was used as internal phase and the stability of the emulsion was carried out. The proposed Pickering emulsion liquid membrane has been exploited to investigate it is ability in the extraction of Abamectin pesticides from aqueous solution without utilizing carrier agent. Further
the effects of experimental parameters on extraction efficiency and emulsion stability such as
homogenizer speed
emulsification speed
contact time
Fe3O4-Span 80 ratios
HCL concentration
internal to membrane volume ratio (I/O) and pH of the external feed solution were carried out. The results showed that more than 99% of Abamectin could be extracted at 10 min contact time with a minimum breakage percent of 0.52% at the optimal conditions. The kinetic of the extraction were studied and the mass transfer coefficient was found to be for external phase () of 1.2
interfacial reaction rate constant () of 5.83 and the overall mass transfer coefficient () of 3.91 . The results of recyclability of the PELM revealed that the emulsion stability and extraction efficiency was nearly unchanged after three cycles.
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Polyhedron
Novel dichloro (bis {2-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl-κN3] pyridine-κN}) metal (II) coordination compounds of seven transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd)
The 1
3-dipolar cycloaddition “click” reaction between an azide and an alkyne to give a 1
2
3-triazole was reported by Huisgen in 1961 [1]. In 2002 the Copper(I)-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) to prepare a 1
2
3-triazole was reported [2]
[3]. The existence of relatively basic nitrogen atoms in the 1
2
3-triazole rings
and the possibility of introducing additional donor groups in the substituents (Fig. 1)
made the CuAAC “click” reaction an attractive method to prepare differently substituted 1
2
3-triazoles. These compounds have been used as ligands to coordinate to various metal ions that display a range of applications such as in electrochemical and photochemical studies
in supramolecular chemistry
magnetism
metal-ion sensing and catalysis [4]. The reasons for the success of the “click” reaction
is that it is easy to carry out and is widely applicable. It is not affected by a variety of functional groups
and can be carried out with a variety of Cu(I) catalysts and solvents
including aqueous conditions. The Cu(I) catalysts overcome the high activation energy barrier of the non-catalyzed Huisgen reaction by changing the mechanism of the reaction. A large variety of copper catalysts can be used for the CuAAC reaction
on condition that the maximum concentration of Cu(I) species is generated during the reaction. The pre-catalyst can be a Cu(II) salt (usually CuSO4) together with a reducing agent (often sodium ascorbate) or a Cu(I) compound in the presence of a base or amine ligand and a reducing agent to prevent oxidation to Cu(II). Some strong oxidising cupric salts or complexes such as Cu(OAc)2 also work. The solvent is very flexible from organic to aqueous
with the most commonly used combination water + an alcohol (t-BuOH
MeOH or EtOH). The key role of the solvent or solvent mixture is to solubilize the substrates and Cu(I) catalyst in order to ensure rapid reactions. Such aqueous conditions are very useful for biochemical conjugations
as well as for organic syntheses.
We recently reported on the synthesis of a series of differently substituted 1
2
3-triazole chromophores
the substituted 2-(1-phenyl-1H-1
2
3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine ligands [5]
see Fig. 2 middle
with substituents R = H (L1)
CH3 (L2)
OCH3 (L3)
COOH
F
Cl
CN
CF3
O(CH2)3CH3 and N(CH3)2. These versatile ligands were found to coordinate to various first row transition metals
such as manganese
cobalt and nickel [6]. Here we extend the series to include more first row transition metal(II) coordination compounds
iron
copper and zinc
as well as a second row transition metal(II) coordination compound
cadmium
containing the 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1
2
3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine chromophore (Fig. 2 right with R = CH3). This series of seven novel coordination compounds is the first series of pyridyl-triazole based transition metal coordination compounds where seven different transition metals are coordinated to the same 1
2
3-triazole chromophore
namely 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1
2
3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine.