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Frankincense Extract as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 1M HCl Solution
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Steel corrosion in acidic environments is a critical industrial challenge, necessitating effective yet eco-friendly inhibitors. This study aims to address this problem by introducing a novel, green alternative: frankincense extract (FE). The distinctive contribution of this work lies in the comprehensive investigation of FE natural, sustainable, and economically viable resin as an effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl. The research employs an integrated methodology, including electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)), adsorption isotherm modeling, surface analysis (FT-IR and FESEM/EDX), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Key results demonstrated that FE exhibited excellent inhibition performance, achieving a remarkable efficiency of 87.2% at a concentration of 16 g/L and 303 K. PDP analysis confirmed FE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. EIS results corroborated this performance, showing 75.89% inhibition efficiency. Adsorption behavior adhered to the Langmuir isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters revealed a spontaneous and exothermic process indicative of mixed physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. Kinetic studies further supported this by showing an increased activation energy barrier for corrosion in the presence of the inhibitor. Surface analysis confirmed the formation of a protective adsorbed film on the steel. Quantum chemical computations provided molecular-level insights, correlating the electronic structure of key FE constituents with their adsorption strength. The study establishes FE as a cost-effective, sustainable, and highly efficient green corrosion inhibitor, offering a viable solution for protecting carbon steel infrastructure in aggressive acidic media.

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Publication Date
Thu May 15 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal And Political Studies
International and Regional Competition in the Middle East and its Impact on Iraqi National Security, with Special Reference to the Kurdistan Region: A Study of Challenges and Opportunities
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This competition between competing forces, organized into axes with conflicting objectives, is reflected in all regional affairs and the goals and interests of countries within them, including Iraq. Among the most important aspects impacted by the repercussions of international and regional competition in the region is Iraqi national security, based on its vital importance in preserving the sovereignty and entity of the Iraqi state, protecting the interests and cohesion of the state and people, ensuring and defending their present and future, and interacting with various regional and international activities. The Kurdistan Region, as an important part of Iraq with its own unique characteristics, may be one of the most important regi

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2015
Journal Name
Translation Studies
Difficulties Encountered By EFL Iraqi Undergraduate Students in Handling Subordinate Clauses الصعوبات التي يواجهها طلبة المرحلة الجامعية العراقيون من دارسي اللغة الإنكليزية كلغة أجنبية في استخدام الجمل التابعة
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this paper consists of three sections, Section one deals with the most important difficulties and characteristics of English subordinate clauses whereas section two tackles the difficulties faced by the Iraqi EFL students at the third year in the Department of English, College of languages, University of Baghdad in recognizing and producing the subordinate clauses submitting them to a test consisting of two questions (recognition and production). Finally, some pedagogical recommendation of the findings can be found in section four.

Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
השואה והשלכותיה על אהרון אפלפלד - עיון בשלושה סיפורים קצרים עוזר למורה – עלי מוחמד רשיד The Holocaust and its impact on Aharon Bielefeld - A Study in Three Short Stories
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מטרת המחקר הזה היא לבדוק את שלושה סיפורים קצרים מהקובץ הראשון של אהרון אפלפלד , שנחשב ההצהרה הרשמית על היותו סופר השואה הראשון בישראל , המשותף לשלושת הסיפורים הוא הנימה של הגיבורים היוצאים למסע פיזי ונפשי לגלות את אשר אירע להם , מגמתו של המחקר היא לבדוק את הצורה המיוחדת שבה אפיין אפלפלד את גיבוריו שמעידים על כך , כי השואה היא החוויה המרה והקשה בקרב היהודים והשלכותיה נשארה טמונה בקרבם גם אחרי המלחמה ואחרי שנים

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Publication Date
Thu May 13 2021
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency and some of its related factors in a sample of Iraqi pregnant women and their neonates at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital during 2019
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency is common in different age groups in both genders especially among pregnant women and neonates where it is associated with several adverse outcomes including preeclampsia and preterm delivery.   Objectives: To assess the extent of vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency among mothers and their neonates and some factors related to it and identify some adverse outcomes of the deficiency/ insufficiency on neonates (preterm birth and low birth weight). Subject and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 Iraqi pregnant women and neonates admitted to “Al-Elwiya teaching hospital for maternity” in Baghdad- Al-Rusafah from 1st of June 2019 to 31st of August 2019. Dat

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 29 2021
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Effect of rehabilitation exercises in improving the motor range of people with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint by ages (30-35) men
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The study aimed to prepare rehabilitation exercises using some rubber ropes for people with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, to recognize their effect on the recovery of motor tides and to reduce the pain of those with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint, and adopted the experimental method by designing the experimental and controlled groups on a sample of those with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of men (30-35) One year of those who attend the Physiotherapy Center/Rafidain University College of 12 injured were deliberately selected from their community of origin by (100%), and after determining the measuring tools and preparation of exercises applied with rubber r

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Department Of Bioengineering And Sciences
1 T.R. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE Cloning and overexpression of Lactobacillus acidophilus bile salt hydrolase A gene (bshA) in Escherichia coli
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The bile salt hydrolase gene (bshA), encoding bile salt hydrolase enzyme (EC 3.5.1.24) from probiotic isolate Lactobacillus acidophilus Ar strain which is responsible for assimilation cholesterol were studied in the present work. About 801 bp in length DNA fragment of Lb. acidophilus Ar strain was amplified by PCR techniques. Two restriction sites (PstI/SacI) were added to each end of that fragment for manipulation of DNA during cloning. Amplified fragment inserted into pJET1.2\blunt end vector and pMG36e vector respectively. pJET1.2\blunt end vector is overexpression plasmid for E. coli MC1022, and pMG36e vector is a shuttle vector which is able to replicate in both E. coli and lactic acid bacteria. The resulted constructs were named as pJ

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 07 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of KWL Strategy on the Achievement of the Students of the fourth class literary in the subject of History and the Development of Cognitive Thinking skills
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Whereas conventional methods of teaching history do not meet the sometimes purpose has suggested some educators strategies modern help to improve the level of students in the education process through activating prior knowledge and employed in positions of current learning, and focus attention on the points and the outstanding elements of the content and practice techniques Calendar criticof ideas and meanings and mental and linguistic activities used to verify the extent of reaching understanding.                                       &n

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Coverage of Health Topics in Iraqi Press An analytical Study of Two Newspapers entitled 'al-Sabah and al-Mada' from January 1, 2007 to October 31, 2001
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The current study aims to cover  the health topics  in the Iraqi  journalism ,  to know  the concern 's level  of the Iraqi journalism  when  covering  the health subjects and to know the size of its performance  under the diversity of  visual and audio medias. The researcher has discussed his research by wording it with a set of inquiries   that should be answered via the research and study.  He could have determined that by the following:

What is the concern's level of Iraqi journalism over the health subjects?  What are the forms and press arts that are functionalized by the Iraqi journalism as to get the health message to the republics?  What is t

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 29 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Spread of Private Education: An Analytical Geographical Study of the Factors of their Appearance, Prevalence and Functional Competence in Baghdad: سيناء عدنان عبد الله, و أريج بهجت أحمد
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يهدف البحث إلى تقييم الكفاءة الوظيفية لمؤسسات التعليم الأهلي في أداء وظيفتها بمستوى عالٍ لتشبع حاجة سكان المدينة الذين فضّلوا التعليم الأهلي على التعليم داخل المؤسسات الحكومية مما أدى إلى انتشارها، وصولا إلى أهم الآثار المترتبة على ذلك الانتشار إذ نافست فيه مؤسسات التعليم الحكومي، بل وتنافست المؤسسات الأهلية فيما بينها لتقديم أفضل خدمة تعليمية للصراع من أجل البقاء، وتهدف أيضا إلى  إظهار الوجه السلبي ا

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 29 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
An in vitro evaluation of fit of the crowns fabricated by zirconium oxide-based ceramic CAD/CAM systems, before and after porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles
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Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the vertical marginal fit of crowns fabricated with ZrO2 CAD/CAM, before and after porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles. Materials and Methods: An acrylic resin model of a left maxillary first molar was prepared and duplicated to have Nickel-Chromium master die. Ten die stone dies were sent to the CAD/CAM (Amann Girrbach) for crowns fabrication. Marginal gaps along vertical planes were measured at four indentations at the (mid mesial, mid distal, mid buccal, mid palatal) before (Time 0) and after porcelain firing cycles (Time 1) and after glaze cycles (Time 2) using a light microscope at a magnification of ×100. One way ANOVA LSD tests were performed to determine wh

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