Investigating the thermal and electrical gains and efficiencies influence the designed photovoltaic thermal hybrid collector (PVT) under different weather conditions. The designed system was manufactured by attaching a fabricated cooling system made of serpentine tubes to a single PV panel and connecting it to an automatic controlling system for measuring, monitoring, and simultaneously collecting the required data. A removable glass cover had been used to study the effects of glazed and unglazed PVT panel situations. The research was conducted in February (winter) and July (summer), and March for daily solar radiation effects on efficiencies. The results indicated that electrical and thermal gains increased by the incre

Hand written recognition problem can be done in two major steps, first by separating each character alone and second by detecting the separated shape to its corresponding like alphabetic letter. A backpropagation neural network found to be a good artificial intelligence algorithm in facing character recognition problem.In this work, backpropagation neural network is used with 3-layers to detect and separate 26 English letter from (A to Z). In addition, a previous steps should be taken to detect the boundaries of each single written letter. Detecting a complete text can be done by separating each character through finding its boundaries, resizing the separated character to be suitable for pre-trained neural network, detecting the hand-wri

تُعَد اتصالات الموجات المليمترية (mmWave) حلولاً مبتكرة لشبكات الجيل الخامس وما بعدها، نظرًا للتطورات السريعة في عالم الاتصالات. تقدم هذه الورقة شبكة وصول راديوي سحابي غير متجانسة (HC-RAN) تستخدم نطاقات تردد الموجات المليمترية والأقل من 6 جيجاهرتز لتلبية هذه الحاجة. يتم تقديم ارتباطات المستخدمين بوحدات رؤوس الراديو البعيدة (RRHs) للتخفيف من التداخل وتعظيم إنتاجية الشبكة باستخدام خوارزمية (Q-Learning). توفر عمليات النشر

Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) are structural members consisting of hollow steel tubes filled with concrete. Both steel and concrete work together to provide several advantages. The concrete increases the steel tube's resistance against local buckling while the steel tube confines the concrete, which increases its compressive strength. The use of CFST beams increased in high buildings due to their great mechanical properties. The researchers were interested in CFST beams because of their great ductility, stiffness, strength, and flexural capacity when compared to hollow steel beams. The properties of CFST beams were enhanced in several ways, for example, by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping, addin

This paper describes a practical study on the impact of learning's partners, Bluetooth Broadcasting system, interactive board, Real – time response system, notepad, free internet access, computer based examination, and interaction classroom, etc, had on undergraduate student performance, achievement and involving with lectures. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that the use of such learning techniques, tools, and strategies to improve student learning especially among the poorest performing students. Also, it gives some kind of practical comparison between the traditional way and interactive way of learning in terms of lectures time, number of tests, types of tests, student's scores, and student's involving with lectures

Biotreatment using immobilized cells (IC) technology has proved to be the most promising and most economical approach for the removal of many toxic organic pollutants found in petroleum-refinery wastewater (PRW) such as phenol. This study was undertaken to evaluate the degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas cells individually immobilized in two different bio-carrier matrices including polyvinyl alcohol-guar gum (PVA-GG) and polyvinyl alcohol-agar agar (PVA-AA). Results of batch experiments revealed that complete removal of phenol was attained in the first cycle after 150 min using immobilized cells (IC) in both PVA-GG and PVA-AA. Additional cycles were confirmed to evaluate the validity of recycling beads of immob

In recent years, there has been expanding development in the vehicular part and the number of vehicles moving on the road in all the sections of the country. Vehicle number plate identification based on image processing is a dynamic area of this work; this technique is used for security purposes such as tracking of stolen cars and access control to restricted areas. The License Plate Recognition System (LPRS) exploits a digital camera to capture vehicle plate numbers is used as input to the proposed recognition system. Basically, the developing system is consist of three phases, vehicle license plate localization, character segmentation, and character recognition, the License Plate (LP) detection is presented using canny

A constitutive law can be defined as a mathematical functional relation between physical quantities
such as stress and strain and may take other factors like time, temperature and additional material
properties into account. In this paper, the endochronic model is used to predict the stress-strain relations of two Iraqi clays. This model is a viscoplastic one but without introducing a yield surface. It encompasses
material behaviour such that the current stress state is a function of strain history through a time scale called “intrinsic time” which is not the absolute time but a material property. The simulation showed that the model overestimates the strains for all cases studied. This may be attributed to the material para

In this work, calculation of pressure losses in circulating system for two drilling muds is evaluated in Noor oil field. Two types of drilling muds that were used for drilling section 12 1/4" and 8 3/4" which are Salt saturated mud and Ferro Chrome Lignosulfonate-Chrome Lignite mud. These calculations are based on field data that were gathered from the drilling site of well Noor-15, which are included, rheological data, flow data and specification of drill string. Based on the obtained results, the best rheological model that fit their data is the Herschel-Bulkley model according to correlation coefficient value for their two drilling mud. Also, the difference between the calculated pressure lo

The research investigates the term innovation and its role in elaborating architectural practice based on diffusion. The complexity of the architectural field compared with other fields shows a problem in explaining how innovations in architecture diffuse as a thought and act in a certain context of practice. Therefore, the research aims to build an intellectual model that explains the way personal thoughts resembled by unique models introduced by creative and innovator designers diffuse in a certain pattern elaborate these models into a state of prevailing thought resembled by the movement in architecture. The research will apply its model to the more comprehensive movement in architecture, which is the modern movement,

This study examines the behavior of fatigue crack propagation in aluminum alloy sheets used in aircraft wings, with a particular focus on critical angles of attack (AOA). The widely utilized aluminum alloys 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 were analyzed to determine the effects of varying AOAs, representing normal flight (5°) and takeoff/landing (10°) on crack growth rates. A comprehensive approach was adopted, integrating experimental testing, numerical simulations, and analytical modeling. Experimental methods included material characterization and multiaxial fatigue tests using an innovative apparatus. Numerical simulations conducted with ANSYS 2021 CFD evaluated stress distributions and crack propagation under different wind lo

In this study, the investigation of Local natural Iraqi rocks kaolin with the addition of different proportions of bauxite and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the produced refractories was conducted. Kaolin/bauxite mixture was milled and classified into various size fractions, the kaolin (less than 105 μm) and the bauxite (less than 70μm). The specimens were mixed from kaolin and bauxite in ranges B1 (95+5)%, B2 (90+10)%, B3(85+15)%, and B4 (80+20)%  respectively. The green specimens were shaped by the semi-dry method using a hydraulic press and a molding pressure of 7 MPa with the addition of (9-12) %wt. of PVA ratio. After molding and drying, the specimens were fired at (1100, 1200 and 13

An approximate solution of the vibration of an elastically restrained, uniform and non-uniform beams with translational and rotational springs is obtained using Rayleigh-Ritz approach. The frequencies are presented for wide range of restrained parameters and some of these have been compared with those available in the published literature illustrating the accuracy and versatility of the approach. It is believed that the results present in this paper will be of use in design of beams, shaft, and piping under dynamics consideration.

Experiments were conducted to study the local and average heat transfer by mixed convection for hydrodynamically fully developed but thermally developing laminar air flow in horizontal circular cylinder. The experimental setup using an aluminum cylinder as test section with 30 mm inside diameter and 900 mm heated length (L/D=30), is subjected to a constant wall heat flux boundary condition. The investigation covers Reynolds number range from (400 to 1600), heat flux varied from (60W/m² to 400W/m²)and by using an aluminum entrance section pipes (calming sections) having the same inside diameter as test section pipe but with variable lengths as entrance sections. The entrance sections included a long calming section of length 240 cm (L/D

Eight reinforced concrete beams were tested in order to investigate the effective
embedded length of the longitudinal reinforcement bar in self compacted concrete (SCC).
All specimens were reinforced with a uni-reinforced bar, six of them embedded in self
compacted concrete and the others embedded in normal concrete. The test was carried out
on simply supported beams loaded at two points. At the end of the reinforcement bar slip
was measured, also under the loading point slip and the bar strain were measured. The
investigated variables in this study were: The bar diameter, and the available embedded length.
To find out how these variables influence the embedded length in case of using self compacted concrete and comp

Micropiles are small diameter, cast in – place or grouted piles with steel pipes of (50 to 300 mm) diameters and driven by boring machine. Despite their small wall thickness, high bearing capacity of micropiles provides both axial and pullout resistance.nThis paper is directed to study the behavior of micropiles under static and dynamic loading conditions using the finite element method. The program OpenSees is used in the analysis, it is open – source program, provides information about the software architecture, access to the source code, and the development process. The program is based on the basic commands, which are written in Tcl (pronounced, "tickle"; tool command language). A model for groups of laterally loaded pipe piles i

This research study one of the specialized buildings related to culture, and the cultural activity considered as the basic cause of its architecture presencing. The main role of these centers is to spread culture and to provide ways of natural cultural communication among various societies. These societies differ in expressing culture and methods of cultural activity performance, as the cultural act, with its different levels, connects with each society s civilizational codes and direct this act to meet the spiritual and material needs of the society in general and the person in particular. The difference between cultures had been reflected in the way of performing the cultural activity and the buildings needed for serving this activity

The fluctuation and expansion ratios have been studied for cylindrical gas-solid fluidized columns by using air as fluidizing medium and Paracetamol as the bed material. The variables were the column diameter (0.0762, 0.15, and 0.18 m), static bed height (0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 m), and air velocity to several times of minimum fluidization velocity. The results showed that both the fluctuation and expansion ratios had a direct relation with air velocity and an inverse one with column diameter and static bed height. A good agreement was between the experimental results and the calculated values by using the correlation equations from the literature.

A new correlation to calculate the solid stresses at the contact face between the pipe and the mud cake, for the case of differential pipe sticking (DPS), is developed. The proposed correlation takes into consideration the effect of setting (contact) time, thickness of mud cake, and viscosity of mud filtrate on the behavior of the solid stresscs. A good match is obtained between the present correlation,the measured values, and terzaghi trend for calculating the resulted solid stresses. This in turn leads to estimate the minimum force required to free the stuck pipe.

Corrosion of carbon steel pipe in aerated 0.1N NaCI solution nder isothermal turbulent flow conditions (Reynolds number 15000-113000 and temperature of 30-60°C) is investigated by weight loss method. The effect of Reynolds number and temperature on corrosion rates is experimentally studied and discussed. Corrosion mechanism is analyzed as a mass transfer operation and the corrosion rate is expressed in terms of mass transfer dimensionless groups (Sh and St) and in terms of usual corrosion units. The results of corrosion rates are compared with many proposed models particularly those based on the concept of analogy among mass, heat, and momentum transport by determining experimental friction factor. The capability of these models to expr

The present work concentrates on the feasibility of the heat load reduction by utilizing some structural material with very poor heat conductivity as isolators for heat transmission. Average annular heating and cooling load is estimated for a typical building of certain area and design using ordinary structural material and EMMEDUE M2 building system. The basic element of the new structural material is made of a foam polystyrene core that is self extinguishing and chemically inert with varying density and thickness depending on panel type. The calculations are based on the average maximum and minimum monthly temperature in Baghdad. Building heating load could mainly depend on the average temperature difference per each daily hour per yea

The efficient removal of dissolved organic compounds (DOC) from wastewater has become a major environmental concern because of its high toxicity even at low concentrations. Therefore, a technique was needed to reduce these pollutants. Ion exchange technology (IE) was used with Amberlite^TM IR120 Na, Amberlite^TM IR96RF, and Amberlite^TM IR402, firstly by using anion and mixed bed system, where the following variables are investigated for the process of adsorption: The height of the bed in column (8,10 and 14 cm), different concentrations of (DOC) content at constant flow rate. The use of an ion exchanger unit (continuous system) with three columns (cation, anion, and mixed bed) was studied.

Visible light communication (VLC) is an upcoming wireless technology for next-generation communication for high-speed data transmission. It has the potential for capacity enhancement due to its characteristic large bandwidth. Concerning signal processing and suitable transceiver design for the VLC application, an amplification-based optical transceiver is proposed in this article. The transmitter consists of a driver and laser diode as the light source, while the receiver contains a photodiode and signal amplifying circuit. The design model is proposed for its simplicity in replacing the trans-impedance and transconductance circuits of the conventional modules by a simple amplification circuit and interface converter. Th

The Asphalt cement is produced as a by-product from the oil industry; the asphalt must practice further processing to control the percentage of its different ingredients so that it will be suitable for paving process. The objective of this work is to prepare different types of modified Asphalt cement using locally available additives, and subjecting the prepared modified Asphalt cement to testing procedures usually adopted for Asphalt cement, and compare the test results with the specification requirements for the modified Asphalt cement to fulfill the paving process requirements. An attempt was made to prepare the modified Asphalt cement for pavement construction in the laboratory by digesting each of the two penetration grade Asphalt c

In this paper, Wavelet-Network (WN) model has been recently proposed and applied to image processing, e.g., identification type of noise in Gray-Scale Images (GSI). This paper develops a new technique, which employs a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This WN technique uses special mother wavelet y(xl,x2) of (DWT) as activation function for (ANN) instead of the traditional activation functions like (Log sigmoid, Tan sigmoid, etc). It is shown here that the benefit of WN circuits which uses WN is a good approximation tool for GSI images. These approximation patterns for images forced ANN to learn on these images which will be used in the test phase after that.

A Tonido cloud server provides a private cloud storage solution and synchronizes customers and employees with the required cloud services over the enterprise. Generally, access to any cloud services by users is via the Internet connection, which can face some problems, and then users may encounter in accessing these services due to a weak Internet connection or heavy load sometimes especially with live video streaming applications overcloud. In this work, flexible and inexpensive proposed accessing methods are submitted and implemented concerning real-time applications that enable users to access cloud services locally and regionally. Practically, to simulate our network connection, we proposed to use the Raspberry-pi3 m

The paper presents mainly the dynamic response of an angle ply composite laminated plates subjected to thermo-mechanical loading. The response are analyzed by analytically using Newmark direct integration method with Navier solution, numerically by ANSYS. The experimental investigation is to fabricate the laminates and to find mechanical and thermal properties of glass-polyester such as longitudinal, transverse young modulus, shear modulus, longitudinal and transverse thermal expansion. Present of temperature could increase dynamic response of plate also depending on lamination angle, type of mechanical load and the value of temperature.

This paper presents the effect of the static air-gap eccentricity on the performance of a three phase induction motor .The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach has been used to detect this fault .This technique depends upon the amplitude of the positive and negative harmonics of the frequency. Two motors of (2.2 kW) have been used to achieve the actual fault and desirable data at no-load, half-load and full-load conditions. Motor Current Signature analysis (MCSA) based on stator current has been used to detect eccentricity fault. Feed forward neural network and error back propagation training algorithms are used to perform the motor fault detection. The inputs of artificial neural network are the amplitudes of the positive and negati

The satellite image is multi band image,the first three bands have the largest wavelength and image information and usually contain noise due to different reason such as image band acquisition or transmission. In this paper an adaptive method implemented to denoising the satellite image by
using the Haar wavelet transform applied to the principle components bands of the satellite image.
The image denoising by Haar wavelet transform is applied on the first band(PC1).This band has found contain about 90% of the image information, in this case the time required for processing and storage size are reduced ,and the image appearance are more suitable than the processing the image bands directily.

The management of construction projects needs to complete the basics of system management and work. Starting from the idea and how to turn it into a full study and ended at the construction project completion arriving at the purpose prepared for it, so the projects need to control on its operation and integration system in order to succeed.

It is no secret for who concerned in construction projects field that the design stage is a very important stage in construction project because it determines the final features of the project through the requirements provided by the employer for the consultant to formulate it during this phase in the form of plans, drawings, and specifications, then translated on the ground as the shape of co