The numerical investigation has been performed to study the radiation affected steady state laminar mixed convection induced by a hot inner varied positions circular core in a horizontal rectangular channel for a fully developed flow. To examine the effects of thermal radiation on thermo fluid dynamics behavior in the eccentric geometry channel, the generalized body fitted co-ordinate system is introduced while the finite difference method is used for solving the radiative transport equation. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and energy equations. These equations are normalized and solved using the Vorticity-Stream function. After validating numerical results for the case without radiation, the detailed radiatio

Error control schemes became a necessity in network-on-chip (NoC) to improve reliability as the on-chip interconnect errors increase with the continuous shrinking of geometry. Accordingly, many researchers are trying to present multi-bit error correction coding schemes that perform a high error correction capability with the simplest design possible to minimize area and power consumption. A recent work, Multi-bit Error Correcting Coding with Reduced Link Bandwidth (MECCRLB), showed a huge reduction in area and power consumption compared to a well-known scheme, namely, Hamming product code (HPC) with Type-II HARQ. Moreover, the authors showed that the proposed scheme can correct 11 random errors which is considered a high

Experimental investigation of the influence of inserting the metal foam to the solar chimney to induce natural ventilation are described and analyzed in this work. To carry out the experimental test, two identical solar chimneys (without insertion of metal foam and with insertion of metal foam) are designed and placed facing south with dimensions of length× width× air gap (2 m× 1 m× 0.2 m). Four incline angles are tested (20^o,30^o,45^o,60^o) for each chimney in Baghdad climate condition (33.3^o latitude, 44.4^o longitude) on October, November, December 2018. The solar chimney performance is investigated by experimentally recording absorber pl

Municipal solid waste generation in Babylon Governorate is often affected by changes in lifestyles, population growth, social and cultural habits and improved economic conditions. This effect will make it difficult to plan and draw up future plans for solid waste management.In this study, municipal solid waste was divided into residential and commercial solid wastes. Residential solid wastes were represented by household wastes, while commercial solid wastes included commercial, institutional and municipal services wastes.For residential solid wastes, the relational stratified random sampling was implemented, that is the total population should be divided into clusters (socio-income level), a random sample was taken in e

A two time step stochastic multi-variables multi-sites hydrological data forecasting model was developed and verified using a case study. The philosophy of this model is to use the cross-variables correlations, cross-sites correlations and the two steps time lag correlations simultaneously, for estimating the parameters of the model which then are modified using the mutation process of the genetic algorithm optimization model. The objective function that to be minimized is the Akiake test value. The case study is of four variables and three sites. The variables are the monthly air temperature, humidity, precipitation, and evaporation; the sites are Sulaimania, Chwarta, and Penjwin, which are located north Iraq. The model performance was

In this paper, wireless network is planned; the network is predicated on the IEEE 802.16e standardization by WIMAX. The targets of this paper are coverage maximizing, service and low operational fees. WIMAX is planning through three approaches. In approach one; the WIMAX network coverage is major for extension of cell coverage, the best sites (with Band Width (BW) of 5MHz, 20MHZ per sector and four sectors per each cell). In approach two, Interference analysis in CNIR mode. In approach three of the planning, Quality of Services (QoS) is tested and evaluated. ATDI ICS software (Interference Cancellation System) using to perform styling. it shows results in planning area covered 90.49% of the Baghdad City and used 1000 mob

Often the greatest source of heat gain is the solar radiation entering through
windows. Heat is then trapped in; because of the "greenhouse effect" shading the
windows is one of the most effective method within the reach of the architect for
reducing this heat gain. This is nowhere more necessary than in a country like the U.A.E.
but we find the architects here often ignoring this important environmental aspect of
design. This is partly due to the lack of relevant local meteorological data plus the
complexity of the procedure involved ;and partly due to the misconception that such
aspect looses much of its significance when the building is air conditioned .
The aim of this paper is to simplify the

In this paper, the transient flow in a rectangular open channel has been studied for different conditions. The velocity and depth of water have been calculated at different sections in the channel. A computer program (Channel) was developed to solve the mathematical model using characteristic method .The initial conditions have been calculated using Runge-Kutta method.

The performance of sewage pumps stations affected by many factors through its work time which produce undesired transportation efficiency. This paper is focus on the use of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression (MLR) models for prediction the major sewage pump station in Baghdad city. The data used in this work were obtained from Al-Habibia sewage pump station during specified records- three years in Al-Karkh district, Baghdad. Pumping capability of the stations was recognized by considering the influent input importance of discharge, total suspended solids (TSS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD).  In addition, the chemical oxygen demands (COD), pH and chloride (Cl). The proposed model performanc

In this paper two axis sun tracking method is used to absorb maximum power from the sun's rays on the solar panel via calculating the sun’s altitude and azimuth angles, which describe the solar position on the Iraqi capital Baghdad for the hours 6:00, 7:00, 8:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 17:00 per day. The angles were calculated in an average approach within one month, so certain values were determined for each month. The daily energy achieved was calculated for the solar tracking method compared with the fixed tracking method. Designed, modeled and simulated a control circuit consisting of reference position truth table, PI Controller and two servomotors that tracked the sun position to adjust the PV panel perpendicular

In this current work, Purpose; to clearly the fundamental idea for constructing a design and
investigation of spur gear made of composite material its comes from the combination of (high
speeds, low noise, oil-les running, light weight, high strength, and more load capability)
encountered in modern engineering applications of the gear drives, when the usual metallic gear
cannot too overwhelming these combinations.
An analyzing of stresses and deformation under static and dynamic loading for spur gear tooth
by finite element method with isoparametric eight-nodded in total of 200 brick element with 340
nods in three degree of freedom per node was selected for this analysis. This is responsible for the
catastropic fa

The present work presents a new experimental study of the enhancement of turbulent
convection heat transfer inside tubes for combined thermal and hydrodynamic entry length of one
popular “turbulator” (twisted tape with width slightly less than internal tube diameter) inserted for
fire tube boilers. Cylindrical combustion chamber was used to burn (1.6 to 7kg/h) fuel oil #2 to
deliver hot gases with ranges of Reynolds number (10500 to 21700), and (11400 to 24150) for both
empty and inserted tube respectively.A uniform wall temperature technique was used by keeping
approximately constant water temperature difference (25ºC) between inlet and exit cooling water in
parallel flow shell and tube heat exchanger. The test

In the present study, a general nonlinear one-dimensional finite element beam model is developed
for the analysis of composite beams. The proposed model is based on the partial interaction theory
of composite beams where the flexibility of shear connectors is allowed. By using a layered approach for the composite beam cross-section and including the material nonlinear behavior of concrete, steel, shear connector and reinforcing steel, the proposed method of analysis is capable of predicting the response of composite beams throughout the elastic, inelastic and ultimate load ranges in one complete analysis.
Numerical case studies are presented to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the present method. The results are com

The performance grading system (superpave) has provided means to incorporate binder characteristics with
pavement failure types. It’s a comprehensive system that relates climate, traffic conditions and aging with
critical pavement distress. The objective of this paper is to develop an improved asphalt binder grading
system for Iraq based on the principal of superpave. The country was divided into different zones according
to the highest and lowest temperature ranges and traffic loading. The Performance graded binder proposed
for each zone was compared with some States of USA that have same hot weather of Iraq by using Long
Term Pavement Performance (LTPP v3.1) software. Iraqi asphalt samples were tested using the Supe

A numerical study has been carried out to investigate heat transfer by natural convection and radiation under the effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) for steady state axisymmetric twodimensional laminar flow in a vertical cylindrical channel filled with saturated porous media. Heat is generated uniformly along the center of the channel with its vertical surface remain with cooled constant wall temperature and insulated horizontal top and bottom surfaces. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and energy equations which are transformed to dimensionless equations. The finite difference approach is used to obtain all the computational results using the MATLAB-7 programming. The parameters affected on the system are Rayl

Sewer network is one of the important utilities in modern cities which discharge the sewage from all facilities. The increase of population numbers consequently leads to the increase in water consumption; hence waste water generation. Sewer networks work is very expensive and need to be designed accurately. Thus construction effective sewer network system with minimum cost is very necessary to handle waste water generation.

 In this study trunk mains networks design was applied which connect the pump stations together by underground pipes for too long distances. They usually have large diameters with varying depths which consequently need excavations and gathering from pump stations and transport the sewage

Warm asphalt mixture (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most memorable sustainable materials in world of asphalt concrete pavements . This research aims to study the warm asphalt mixture for different types of filler materials such as ordinary cement and limestone dust. Beside, this research focused on the test of emulsified asphalt properties by evaluating the performance of warm asphalt mixture by Marshall Stability properties as well as moisture sensitivity. The results of this experiment provided many important points. First, The cationic emulsified asphalt is suitable with RAP aggregate for production warm asphalt mixtures .Second, The effective mixing procedure for warm asphalt mixtures consists hea

An adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) based on PWM and an observer scheme for predicting the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is proposed. The control scheme is developed for a dc-dc buck converter used in regulated charge control of lithium-ion batteries. Unlike many estimation schemes where the converter’s output voltage is predetermined and the nonlinearities ignored, the proposed scheme estimates the buck converter’s output voltage, SOC, and nonlinearities in terms of errors in parameters. The stability of the proposed scheme is guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. The simulation was carried out in the Simulink in the MATLAB environment to transition from constant current charging mode to constant vo

The effect of the initial pressure upon the laminar flame speed, for a methane-air
mixtures, has been detected paractically, for a wide range of equivalence ratio.
In this work, a measurement system is designed in order to measure the laminar flame
speed using a constant volume method with a thermocouples technique. The laminar
burning velocity is measured, by using the density ratio method.
The comparison of the present work results and the previous ones show good
agreement between them. This indicates that the measurements and the calculations
employed in the present work are successful and precise.

The ability to produce load-bearing masonry units adopting ACI 211.1 mix design using (1:3.2:2.5) as (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) with slump range (25-50mm) which can conform (dimension, absorption, and compressive strength) within IQS 1077/1987 requirements type A was our main goal of the study. The ability to use low cement content (300 kg/m3) to handle our market price products since the most consumption in wall construction for low-cost buildings was encouraging. The use of (10 and 20%) of LECA as partial volume replacement of coarse aggregate to reduce the huge weight of masonry blocks can also be recommended. The types of production of the load-bearing masonry units were A and B for (

This study's primary emphasis was locating appropriate locations in the valley of Al-Abyadh for water harvesting dams. Water harvesting techniques are one possible answer for Iraq's water difficulties caused by climate change and the existing dams in the high reaches of rivers, which have exposed the world to severe drought. Water harvesting is collecting water from a specific area, beginning with rainwater in the ground and conserving it by building dams to store it. Valley Al-Abyadh, which extends 268 km and has an area of 4188.96 km², is situated in Anbar Governorate's western desert. Water flows into the Al-Abyadh valley through four basins. This study aims to examine the four basins hydrologically and ana

Foundations supporting reciprocating engines, radar towers, turbines, large electric motors, and generators, etc. are subject to vibrations caused by unbalanced machine forces as well as the static weight of the machine. If these vibrations are excessive, they may damage the machine or cause it not to function properly. In the case of block foundation, if changes in size and mass of the foundation do not lead to a satisfactory design, a pile foundation may be used. In this study, the dynamic response of piles and pile Groups in dry sand is investigated experimentally. The analysis involves the displacement response under harmonic excitation. In addition, a numerical modeling by using finite element method with a three-dimensional formula

The present research involves experimental and theoretical work to study the performance of three kinds of packing (PVC, corrugated and flat plate asbestos) in a crossflow water cooling tower under different atmospheric conditions and then comparing the performance of them with each other. The experimental work included the design, constructions and installation of a cross-flow cooling tower test rig suitable for measuring the individual coefficients (kGa) and (k'a). The experimental results were found by varying
the inlet air flow rate and inlet water flow rate which are used as an input data to the computer program for finding the available performance coefficient (NTU) using the method of Webb with some modifications. Least squar

Generally, the homing systems are majorly constructing from three components: the guidance law, the target tracking system, and the missile flight control system. Therefore, in this paper, we construct our homing system from the following components: the proportional navigation guidance law which is considered as the guidance scheme for most homing missile systems, the
electro-optical tracking system, and a tail controlled missile. And subsequently complete mathematical derivations and the demand transfer function formulations of all these three components have been introduced. The proposed homing system is capable to pursuit and hit any target just by specifying the required missile flight time. A SIMULINK software program has been

The main function of a power system is to supply the customer load demands as economically as possible. Risk criterion is the probability of not meeting the load. This paper presents a methodology to assess probabilistic risk criteria of Al-Qudus plant before and after expansion; as this plant consists of ten generating units presently and the Ministry Of Electricity (MOE) is intending to compact four units to it in order to improve the performance of Iraqi power system especially at Baghdad region. The assessment is calculated by a program using Matlab programming language; version 7.6. Results show that the planned risk is (0.003095) that is (35 times) less than that in the present plant risk; (0.1091); which represents respectable imp

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is a proven effective in-situ technology for the removal of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from the subsurface. SVE process is highly sensitive to temperature.
Studying annual soil temperature variation with depth declares that there is a considerable temperature
variation in the upper few meters that may affect the overall efficiency of SVE process.
A numerical model was developed to aid in investigation of field-scale soil vapor extraction
process. The model is three-dimensional, time dependent that simulates nonisothermal vapor flow and
transport of multicomponent mixtures in soil and keeps track of the distribution of each compound in
the other three immobile phases (NAPL, aqueous,

This paper introduces a new method in the multispectral image fusion based on ridgelet
transform which represents edges better than wavelets. Since edges play a fundamental rule in
image understanding, one good way to enhance spatial resolution is to enhance the edges. Ridgelet
based image fusion method provides richer information in the spatial and spectral domains
simultaneously. Also another method introduced based on new Hybrid transform which is
improvement from the Ridgelet transform. Here we used our method to merge the panchromatic
image of IKONOS sensor (1m resolution) with its multispectral image (4m resolution). The
software used in this paper is (Matlab V 7.0.4 ).

Aiming at energy preservation and depending on the production of years of expertise and hard work of international research laboratories in the area of energy preservation and finding alternatives and undepleted energy sources in all aspects and various areas of the world, all these institutions asserted on following the Sustainable Design Method. It pursues the integrated building design method,
which is one of the modern methods in the domain of energy preservation . This method focuses on the building's perfection from the very first stages of the design process, Through integration between the building components and mechanical services and supplementary systems in it and the impact exchange positively among
them instead of

Recently new and multiple concepts emerged in the sustainability issues ,which transformed into number of planning and designing policies and strategies that must be committed by the designers and the relevant trends in building ,regarding Iraq and the reality of industrial areas ,especially in Baghdad, which helped to sustain few of it & emerged another with bad reflect ,which for that made it clear the importance of implicating sustainable ecological planning and designing strategies provided by the concept of Eco-industrial parks and the concept of Ecotowns and the future potentials provided ,and the easiness of carrying it out which made it flexible and away to provide a base supported by it for rebuilding and rehabilitation and

In the present study, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis has been used to predict the load-deflection and moment-rotation behaviors of composite encased beams consisting of preflex steel sections using the finite element computer program (ANSYS V. 10). Composite encased beams are analyzed and a comparison is made with available experimental moment-rotation curves, good agreement with the experimental results is observed. Camber of steel section is introduced on the steel section of the composite beams encased in concrete. It is found that using of preflex section can increase the ultimate load capacity of the composite encased beam by relatively (15%) and also it is found that rotations are nearly (65% to 80%) the rota