One of the primary functions of the DC motor is exemplified in its utilization for the automated operation of irrigation gates, which involves a variety of DC motor models. The  DC motor chosen was influenced by the particular operational requirements of the irrigation gate. The ability to support the massive weight of the gate as well as the extreme pressure produced by river water currents are among these requirements. The gate motor utilized functions at a sluggish pace of 20 revolutions per minute. The approach employed involves tuning utilizing the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method. The (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) PID controller is designed to precisely manage a DC motor's position, improving the motor's overall p

The chlorine concentration variation in Baghdad water networks was studied. The
chlorine data were collected from Mayoralty of Baghdad and Ministry of Environment
(MOE) for the networks for both sides of the city Karkh and Rasafa for (2008-2009). The
study of these data indicates that there are no systematic testing program .Classified GIS
maps showed that the areas far from the treatment plants have almost always low
chlorine concentration .This indicates that the problem of the low chlorine concentration
in the far areas is due to cracks of pipe along the conveyance path ,as expected. The area's
most frequently have low concentration are Al-sadir,Al-Kadhimya, and Al-Amiria . It
was found also that the chlorine c

This paper focuses on Load distribution factors for horizontally curved composite concrete-steel girder bridges. The finite-element analysis software“SAP2000” is used to examine the key parameters that can influence the distribution factors for horizontally curved composite steel
girders. A parametric study is conducted to study the load distribution characteristics of such bridge system due to dead loading and AASHTO truck loading using finite elements method. The key parameters considered in this study are: span-to-radius of curvature ratio, span length, number of girders, girders spacing, number of lanes, and truck loading conditions. The results have shown that the curvature is the most critical factor which plays an important

The paper presented a new type of double helical-winding tubular induction motor (DHWTIM). The proposed motor consists of double- layer helical windings primary arranged on the same circumference with a common secondary. By controlling the phase sequence of supply voltage for each of primary winding layers, the secondary conductor would be capable of producing pure rotary motion, pure linear motion, or helical motion. An appropriate multi-layer analysis using cylindrical geometry is presented. This has been used to study the effect of iron presence in the magnetic circuit of the machine on its performance.

This study focuses on the modeling of manufactured damper when used in steel buildings. The main aim of the manufactured dampers is to protect the steel buildings from the damaging effects that may result due to earthquakes by introducing an extra damping in addition to the traditional damping.
Only Pure Manufactured Dampers, has been considered in this study. Viscous modeling of damping is generally preferred in structural engineering as it leads to a linear model then it has been used during this study to simulate the behavior of the Pure Manufactured Damper.
After definition of structural parameters of a manufactured damper (its stiffness and its damping) it can be used as a structural element that can be added to a mathematica

The effect of different Ti additions on the microstructure of Al-Ti alloy prepared by powder metallurgy was investigated. A certain amount of Ti (10wt%, 15wt%, and 20wt%) were added to aluminium and the tests like microhardness, density, scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were conducted to determine the influence of different Ti additives on the Al-Ti alloy properties and microstructure. The results show that the grains of α-Al changed from large grains to roughly spherical and then to small rounded grains with increasing Ti content, the micro-hardness of the alloy increases with increasing Ti, and XRD results confirm the formation of TiAl₃ intermetallic co

Modifying asphalt cement is an effective approach to enhance the performance of asphalt concrete. This study evaluates the physical properties of lignin-modified asphalt (LMA) at various lignin percentages. The initial step involved extracting lignin from the pinus wood sawdust using the soda process. Subsequently, the extracted Soda Lignin Powder (SLP) was characterized through Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM/EDX) to examine the changes in the chemical structure of lignin after extraction by soda process. Following this, three asphalt blends containing varying amounts of SLP (2%, 4%, 6%) by weight of asphalt cement were produced

Roller-Compacted Concrete is a no-slump concrete, with no reinforcing steel, no forms, no finishing and wet enough to support compaction by vibratory rollers. Due to the effect of curing on properties and durability of concrete, the main purpose of this research is to study the effect of various curing methods (air curing, 7 days water curing, and permanent water curing) and porcelanite (local material used as an Internal Curing agent) with different replacement percentages of fine aggregate (volumetric replacement) on some properties of Roller-Compacted Concrete and to explore the possibility of introducing practical Roller-Compacted Concrete for road pavement with minimum requirement of curing. Specimens were sawed fro

The importance of the construction sector and its Great role in the provision of services and infrastructure, reduce poverty, improve living conditions and improve the economic situation in the country, impose attention to the way in which the projects implemented for its improvement and to get successful projects. The objective of this research was to determine the criteria for success as well as critical success and failure factors that have a significant impact on project success. A selected 75 engineer (department managers, project managers and engineers) are asked to fill  the questionnaire form, Sixty-seven valid questionnaire forms were analyzed statistically to get search results, which were as follows : Twe

The catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol has been studied in a trickle bed reactor

using  active  carbon  prepared  from  date  stones  as  catalyst  by  ferric  and  zinc  chloride activation (FAC and ZAC). The activated carbons were characterized by measuring their surface area and adsorption capacity besides conventional properties, and then checked for CWAO using a trickle bed reactor operating at different conditions (i.e. pH, gas flow rate, LHSV, temperature and oxygen partial pressure). The results showed that the active carbon (FAC and ZAC), without any active metal supported, gives the highest phenol conversion. The reaction network proposed account

The rheological and fusion behavior of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds plays a dominant role in
the processing operations and in the development of physical properties in the processed material. A
comprehensive study was made in this work to evaluate the effect of shear and thermal history on stability, mechanical and rheological properties of rigid PVC compounds. Different samples of Rigid Poly vinyl chloride including dry blend powder, granules, and bottles molded from both were examined. A study was also made on recycled RPVC where 25% of reclaimed material was continuously blended with fresh dry blend and processed for 15 cycles. Results showed that compaction of the PVC material took place in the brabender plastograph at co

Affinity is a term used to describe the amount of the adhesion bond between asphalt binder and aggregate. Adhesion force may be used as indicator to the amount of energy or work required to breakdown the adhesive bond between asphalt binder and aggregate. In order to study affinity between asphalt binder and aggregate, a modified device is manufacture locally similar to Rolling Bottle Test (RBT) to Predicted the degree of affinity between asphalt binder and aggregate; taking into consideration mineral composition with physical properties of asphalt binder to measure required force to separate asphalt binder from aggregate surface. In this study, suggest new parameters to represent the stripping or affinity phenomena (aff

In this work, an experimental (hardware-in-the-loop) and numerical study of a 50W photovoltaic (PV) module with an ML2440 solar charge controller is presented under different levels of solar irradiance conditions, using a resistive load. Three test cases were considered: no tracking and two resistive loads (90 Ω and 115 Ω). Theoretical power and efficiency were predicted from the incident solar irradiance, panel temperature and module characteristics, and experimental measurements were then juxtaposed with the calculated values to assess both the model’s accuracy and the controller’s performance. The maximum measured output reached 49.70 W when the irradiance was 1000 W/m², and the load resistance was set to i

A general method using the theory of thin-walled structures is given for determining the natural frequencies und mode shape for box -girder of varying depth having closed section, subjected to torsion and bending using a grillage method and finite element method (plate /shell, MSC. NASTRAN). Consistent mass matrices related to torsion and bi- moment effects have been derived using shape functions corresponding to an assumed polynomial deflection configuration, also stiffness and consistent mass matrices for flexural behavior including the effect of shear deformation and rotary inertia in bending. The stiffness matrix for beam element under non-uniform torsion is presented by using the differential equation of equilibrium. A special compu

في السنوات الأخيرة، أدى التقدم التكنولوجي في إنترنت الأشياء (IoT) وأجهزة الاستشعار الذكية إلى فتح اتجاهات جديدة وإعطاء حلول عملية في مختلف قطاعات الحياة. يتم التعرف على إنترنت الأشياء كتنولوجيا حديثة تربط بين مختلف انواع الشبكات. تم تحسين أنواع مختلفة من قطاعات الرعاية الصحية في المجال الطبي بناءً على هذه التكنولوجيا. أحد هذه القطاعات الهامة هو نظام مراقبة الصحة (HMS). تعتبر مراقبة المريض عن بعد لاسلكيًا وبتكل

This study aims to evaluate experimentally the mechanical characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) comprising expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) to produce flowable lightweight concrete reinforced with steel fibers. In this paper, the effect of steel fibers and EPS content on the fresh and hardened mechanical properties of SCC specimens, using two percentages for Polystyrene aggregate replacement (25% and 50%) and three values for volume fraction of steel fiber content (0%, 0.75%, and 1.5%), were examined. Fresh mixture properties were determined using slump flow, L-box, and V-funnel tests. Mechanical properties for hardened samples were obtained using standard specimens for compressive strength, density, split, and flexural stren

Water quality plays an important role in the restoration of marshes south Iraq, hence, in this paper water samples were taken from different sites in Hammar marsh in south of Iraq to know the variation of some water parameters with the distance along Hammar marsh. The water samples will submit to chemical and physical analyses.
Ten water samples were analysis to discuss the results of these parameters and give reasons for changing these parameters with the location along the Hammar marsh. It was found that the concentrations of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) with the acceptable range for drinking and agriculture uses, DO concentrations did not decreased less than 6 mg/l.
The analyses showed that high conc

Several sophisticated or "optimum" modulation strategies have been suggested for voltage source pulse with modulated (PWM) inverters for ac motor control. These modulation strategies may suppress specific low – order harmonics or minimize total harmonic.
The effectiveness of these (PWM) techniques in minimizing harmonic and reducing torque pulsation is investigated analytically, and their performance is compared with that of the usual sinusoidal or sub-harmonic PWM approach. The influence of skin effect on motor (I2R copper losses) is taken into consideration, and harmonic core losses are compared. Peak current is also an important factor in inverter design, and the various modulation strategies are again compared on this basis. Fou

In this paper a theoretical analysis of South Baghdad and Dura power plant is carried out according to second law of thermodynamic depending on entropy (irreversibility coefficient or lost work) method instead of exergy (availability) method. In the used entropy method. The power plant is divided into main blocks ( boiler, turbine, condenser, and feed water heater and pumps ). The irreversibility losses and coefficient for each block are calculated and then the overall irreversibility and thermal efficiency of the plant are calculated. The results of this work are compared with previous results, that depending on exergy method. The comparison of results show that both methods give approximately the same results since both of them rely th

pole assignment technique specifies all closed-loop poles. Such a system where the reference input always zero is called a regulator system. The problem of shifting the regulator poles (closed-loop poles) at the desired location is called pole assignment problem, and this can be done if and only if the system is completely state controllable. Controller's objective is to maintain the speed of rotation of the motor shaft with a particular step response. Results obtained were compared with another controller applied to the DC motor based on Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. The controller was designed and tested using MATLAB 7 programming language.

The study was reflection of the impact of the widespread use of polymer Novolak composite reinforced  Glass fiber and Asbestos fiber once again with weight fraction 60% on the physical properties, which included (Hardness, Compressive deformation, compressive modulus of elasticity, Flexural modulus of elasticity, Resilience modulus, the maximum of Flexural strength, Flexural strain energy and Shear strength inner layers); it is known how much important the media as a source of bacterial contamination, which contributes directly or indirectly in the process of aging of these materials. These Novolak composite reinforced,  prepared by weight fraction of (10%) and (14%) of the Hexamethylene-tetraamine (HMTA) hardener material. It

In this paper, a relationship between the liquid limit and the coefficient of consolidation of Iraqi soils are
studied. The samples of soil used in study are undisturbed silty clay. These samples are taken from different locations and depths of Middle and South of Iraq by cooperation with Consulting Engineering Bureau- University of Baghdad- College of Engineering. The depth reached about 20 meters. The experimental work is made to calculate the liquid limit and the coefficient of consolidation. From these sites, 280 points are obtained. The relationship between the liquid limit and the coefficient of consolidation is drawn as a curve. This curve is studied and compared with the curve that obtained from other studies.
From these cu

Recently, Social Sustainability has gained significant value as it was considered by the late studies as a principal dimension along with the environmental and economic sustainability. And because of, on the other hand, the significant social role of the school for forming the student’s personality, this research is an appeal for rehabilitating and promoting Iraqi Schools according the issue of social sustainability.As there is no evaluation for the Iraqi Schools, the research is dedicated to this problem, aiming to carry out the stated evaluation and define the design treatments needed for the rehabilitation process. To achieve this goal, a theoretical background for the concept of social sustainability, its criteria, the school and i

Delays occur commonly in construction projects. Assessing the impact of delay is sometimes a contentious
issue. Several delay analysis methods are available but no one method can be universally used over another in
all situations. The selection of the proper analysis method depends upon a variety of factors including
information available, time of analysis, capabilities of the methodology, and time, funds and effort allocated to the analysis. This paper presents computerized schedule analysis programmed that use daily windows analysis method as it recognized one of the most credible methods, and it is one of the few techniques much more likely to be accepted by courts than any other method. A simple case study has been implement

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of operating parameters on the permeable conductivity and product rate were studied for reverse osmosis process. The parameters studied were:- conductivity of feed water in the range of (1000-1500 us/cm), pH in the range of (4-10) and operating pressure in the range of (3-6 bar). The best operating conditions, which lead to good quantity and quality for water product, are: (1000 ms/cm) conductivity of feed water, (7) pH, and (6 bar) operating pressure. At these conditions the permeable conductivity is (52.905 us/cm), and the product rate is (328.143 l/hr)

Implementation of Warm Mix Asphalt concrete (WMA) is getting global acceptance due to the restrictions for protecting the environment and the requirements to reduce fuel consumption. In this investigation, two WMA mixtures have been prepared in the laboratory using medium curing cutback (MC-30) and Cationic emulsion asphalt. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) was also prepared for comparison. The cylinder specimens (63.5mm) in height and (101.6mm) in diameter were constructed from the mixtures and subjected to indirect tensile strength test to determine the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR). The cylinder specimens of (101.6mm) in height and (101.6mm) in diameter were also constructed from those mixtures and subjected to static compressive

This paper describes a stego system in which a gray scale image is embedded in another one.Wavelet transform of both the cover image and the embedded image is used to sort their subbands energies to guarantee that the embedded image will be inserted in the low frequency components of the cover image with little perceptual distortion. Embedding by this way increases the robustness of the system but affects the syster 1 imperceptibility, so a variable scaling factor (a) is used to attenuate the components of the embedded image before adding them to those of the cover image. It is found that the stego image with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of about 30 dB has goo 1 imperceptibility.The attacker is proposed to be act

Particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel engine exhaust have been measured in terms of mass, using
99.98 % pure ethanol blended directly, without additives, with conventional diesel fuel (gas – oil),to
get 10 % , 15 %, 20 % ethanol emulsions . The resulting PM collected has been compared with those
from straight diesel. The engine used is a stationary single cylinder, variable compression ratio Ricardo
E6/US. This engine is fully instrumented and could run as a compression or spark ignition.
Observations showed that particulate matter (PM) emissions decrease with increasing oxygenate
content in the fuel, with some increase of fuel consumption, which is due to the lower heating value of
ethanol. The reduction in

Quadrotors are coming up as an attractive platform for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) research, due to the simplicity of their structure and maintenance, their ability to hover, and their vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capability. With the vast advancements in small-size sensors, actuators, and processors, researchers are now focusing on developing mini UAV’s to be used in both research and commercial applications. This work presents a detailed mathematical nonlinear dynamic model of the quadrotor which is formulated using the Newton-Euler method. Although the quadrotor is a 6 DOF under-actuated system, the derived rotational subsystem is fully actuated, while the translational subsystem is under-actuated. The der