Traditionally, path selection within routing is formulated as a shortest path optimization problem. The objective function for optimization could be any one variety of parameters such as number of hops, delay, cost...etc. The problem of least cost delay constraint routing is studied in this paper since delay constraint is very common requirement of many multimedia applications and cost minimization captures the need to
distribute the network. So an iterative algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. It is appeared from the results of applying this algorithm that it gave the optimal path (optimal solution) from among multiple feasible paths (feasible solutions).

Ensuring reliable data transmission in Network on Chip (NoC) is one of the most challenging tasks, especially in noisy environments. As crosstalk, interference, and radiation were increased with manufacturers' increasing tendency to reduce the area, increase the frequencies, and reduce the voltages.  So many Error Control Codes (ECC) were proposed with different error detection and correction capacities and various degrees of complexity. Code with Crosstalk Avoidance and Error Correction (CCAEC) for network-on-chip interconnects uses simple parity check bits as the main technique to get high error correction capacity. Per this work, this coding scheme corrects up to 12 random errors, representing a high correction capac

Sustainability is providing the needs without compromising the ability of the strategical forming to meet their requirements. The production of warm asphalt mixtures using recycled pavements produces economic and environmentally friendly mixtures, which is the most important advantage of this work. This research aims to determine the effect of recycled asphalt concrete (RAP) on the indirect tensile strength of warm asphalt mixtures and Marshall Properties. Models of warm asphalt mixtures using Aggregate from the Al-Nibaay quarry, Asphalt with a degree of penetration (40-50) from the refinery of the cycle, and obtained Recycled asphalt concrete from Salah Al-Din Road, Al-Ameriya area in Baghdad are prepared. Use five rati

This paper discusses an optimal path planning algorithm based on an Adaptive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (AMOPSO) for two case studies. First case, single robot wants to reach a goal in the static environment that contain two obstacles and two danger source. The second one, is improving the ability for five robots to reach the shortest way. The proposed algorithm solves the optimization problems for the first case by finding the minimum distance from initial to goal position and also ensuring that the generated path has a maximum distance from the danger zones. And for the second case, finding the shortest path for every robot and without any collision between them with the shortest time. In ord

Tests were performed on Marshall samples and were implemented for permanent deformation and resilient modulus (Mr) under indirect tensile repeated loading (ITRL), with constant stress level. Two types of liquid asphalt (cutback and emulsion) were tried as recycling agents, aged materials that were reclaimed from field (100% RAP), samples were prepared from the aged mixture, and two types of liquid asphalt (cutback and emulsion) with a weight content of 0.5% were utilized to prepare a recycled mixture. A group of twelve samples was prepared for each mixture; six samples were tested directly for ITRL test (three samples at 25˚C and three samples at 40˚C), an average value for ITRL for every three samples was calculated (

The study aims to evaluate the removal of sulfur content from Iraqi light naphtha produced in Al-Dora refinery by adsorption desulfurization DS technique using modified activated carbon MAC loaded with nickel Ni and copper Cu as single binary metals. The experiments were carried in a batch unit with various operating parameters;  MAC dosage, agitation speed, and a contact time of 300 min at constant initial sulfur concentration 155 ppm and temperature. The results showed higher DS% by AC/Ni-Cu (66.45)% at 500 rpm and 1 g dosage than DS (29.03)% by activated carbon AC, increasing MAC dosage, agitation speed, and contact time led to increasing DS% values.  The adsorption capacity of MAC results was recorded (16,

Low bearing capacity of weak soil under shallow footings represents one of construction problems. Kaolin with water content converges to liquid limit used to represent the weak soil under shallow footing prototype. On the other hand, cement dust, which can be defined as undesirable industrial waste material come from cement industry, was used to improve the bearing capacity of the soft soil considered in this research. The soft soil was prepared in steel box (36×36×25) cm and shallow square footing prototype (6×6) cm were used .Group of physical and chemical tests were conducted on kaolin and cement dust. The improvement were performed by making trench under the footing filled with compacted cement dust (at its optimum moisture conten

The paper presents properties of high performance concrete reinforced with relatively high percentage of choped carbon fibers vol. fraction ranging from (1 to 5) %. The great advantage of such composites is their relatively high flexural strength. A low water to cement ratio of 0.3 with super plasticizer was used in order to keep the cement mix easily workable. To improve the properties, a locally existing pozzolan based on reactive meta- kaolin was used in the mixture together with silica sand. A high modulus carbon fibers (450 KN/mm2) were also used. In addition to the flexural strength, dynamic modulus of elastisity were found using dynamic methods.
The results showed that the specimen failed in flexureal by a single crack although

In this work, an efficient energy management (EEM) approach is proposed to merge IoT technology to enhance electric smart meters by working together to satisfy the best result of the electricity customer's consumption. This proposed system is called an integrated Internet of things for electrical smart meter (2IOT-ESM) architecture. The electric smart meter (ESM) is the first and most important technique used to measure the active power, current, and energy consumption for the house’s loads. At the same time, the effectiveness of this work includes equipping ESM with an additional storage capacity that ensures that the measurements are not lost in the event of a failure or sudden outage in WiFi network. Then then these

Foamed concrete (FC) is a lightweight concrete that can be designed to meet specific strength or density criteria. Foamed concrete with an efficient design, guarantees the desired qualities of durability and strength to be attained. This study aims to predict the compressive strength of foamed concrete produced with rice hush ash as cement partial replacement at 5-30%, using the strength-porosity prediction model with a density of 1600 kg/m3. In order to create the model, a relationship between strength and porosity characteristics was used. The fundamental constant was also found using the numerical analysis bisection method. The characteristics of the fundamental component materials and density that in

Experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out to study the adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide on 5A molecular sieve. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms of methane and carbon dioxide are reported for the temperature range 303– 333 K and pressure up to 2.5MPa. Experimental data were obtained using a static system for gas–solid adsorption. The Langmuir adsorption equilibrium equation gave
good predictions. Adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide on 5A molecular sieve is purely physical since the isosteric heat of adsorption was found to be equal to 14.804 and 37.218 kJ mole-1 for methane and carbon dioxide, respectively.

Two dimensional turbulent natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow inside an air filled inclined square enclosure differentially heated has been numerically studied. Fully elliptic Navier- Stockes and energy equations are solved using finite volume method. The problem is simulated for different angles of inclination ( 0   180deg. ) and Rayleigh numbers ( 8 16 10  Ra  10 ). The turbulence k-є model is used to model the effect of turbulence. The wall function approach is used to model the regions near the walls of the enclosure. The obtained results from this study show that the rate of heat transfer is increased
with the increase of Rayleigh number and decreased with the increase of angle of inclination( 0 

a variety of composite steel-concrete column segments using shear connectors of different shapes and sizes to provide resistance to slip at steel – concrete interfaces . Hence , it represents a qualitative transition in the experimental and analytical investigations on shear connectors effectivity at steel – concrete interfaces , as most studies in the field of shear connectors were devoted to composite beam and slab – systems .
Three types of shear connectors – with four concrete grades for each type – were used in fabricating composite specimens . The twelve composite prototypes were subjected to push – out test individually to examine their behavior by measuring the slip values for each load incremental till failure , t

This study included the convective air drying of a single sweet potato sample which is taken as an ellipsoid with (40mm) in the longitudinal direction and (20mm) in the thickness direction. Convective heat and mass transfer takes place between the sample surface and its drying environment; while, unsteady heat conduction and moisture diffusion take place within the drying body without phase change for liquid (evaporation occurs at the surface only). The numerical solution of the mass, energy conservation equations was used; by applying the finite difference technique after using the body fitted coordinate system with grid generation techniques. A set of empirical correlations have been employed to determine the product properties and the

Drilling fluid properties and formulation play a fundamental role in drilling operations. The Classical water-based muds prepared from only the Syrian clay and water without any additives((Organic and industrial polymers) are generally poor in performance. Moreover, The high quantity of Syrian clay (120 gr / l) used in preparing drilling fluids. It leads to a decrease in the drilling speed and thus an increase in the time required to complete the drilling of the well. As a result, the total cost of drilling the well increased, as a result of an increase in the concentration of the solid part in the drilling fluid. In this context, our study focuses on the investigation of the improvement in drilling mud   Prepa

The present work is an attempt to investigate the vibrations characteristics and effect of static stresses and deformation in partially pressurized thick cylindrical shells, such as the gun barrels. The method used cover analytical investigation developed to determine static stresses and deformation along the thick cylindrical shell using LAME'S equation. The numerical investigation is developed
using the finite element method with axisymmetric element (Plane 42) four nodes to determine the static response and solid element (Solid 45) eight nodes for vibration analysis by using the ANSYS package. The obtained results show a good agreement with the other investigators. It's found that the natural frequency of the selected models alm

A program of laboratory testing is carried out to study the performance of laterally loaded piles
embedded in soil, which contains cavities. The testing apparatus is manufactured for carrying out the
tests and a simple technique was used to simulate the cavities.
The program of testing consists of five groups: Group One was carried out on pile embedded in soil
without cavities. The Second and Third Groups are performed on pile embedded in soil contains
single cavity located in front and in touch with pile face for the Second Group and in back and in
touch with pile face for the Third one. Group Four is performed on pile with the existence of two
cavities located in front and in touch with pile face. Group Five

The main title of the study is “THE GEOMETRICAL FORM IN MUSICAL HALL THROUGH THE CLASSICAL AND MODERN AGES” We live in a world full of sounds performed by human and different creatures which surround us from every direction, it’s not strange to know that acoustics has gone a long way through human experience because its related to many sides as mathematics and physics with accordance to architecture side, This side is related to the nature of space and its speech or music variation, each use has certain
determiners that affect the efficiency of acoustic performance. Musical halls have a main characteristic on the design and performing level through different periods. The architectural and acoustical literature's have dealt wi

The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) describes an indoor space condition that the wellbeing and comfortability are provided for the users. Many researchers have highlighted the importance of adopting IEQ criteria, although they are not yet well defined in the Kurdistan region. However, environmental quality is not necessary for the contemporary buildings of the Kurdistan Region, and there is no measurement tool in the Region. This research aims to develop an IEQ assessment tool for the Kurdistan region using Mixed method methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. Therefore, a Delphi Technique was used as a method initially developed as systematic, interactive forecasting on a panel of experts. Thirty-five Delphi C

Used cooking oil was undergoing trans-esterification reaction to produce biodiesel fuel. Method of production consisted of pretreatment steps, trans-esterification, separation, washing and drying. Trans-esterification of treated oils was studied at different operation conditions, the methanol to oil mole ratio were 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, and 12:1, at different temperature 30, 40, 50, and 60 ^º C, reaction time 40, 60, 80, and 120 minutes, amount of catalyst 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt.% based on oil and mixing speed 400 rpm. The maximum yield of biodiesel was 91.68 wt.% for treated oils obtained by trans-esterification reaction with 10:1 methanol to oil mole ratio, 60 ^º C reaction temperature, 80 minute reactio

Pump-controlled motors (PCM) are the preferred power elements in most applications because of their high maximum operating efficiency. The dynamics of such hydraulic systems are highly nonlinear and the
system may be subjected to non-smooth and discontinuous nonlinearities. Aside from the nonlinear
nature of hydraulic dynamics, hydraulic servo systems also have large extent of model uncertainties such as uncompensated friction forces variation of system parameters and external disturbances. The conventional Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller can not cope with hydraulic system nonlinearities and could not compensate its variation of parameters. Therefore, a radial basis neural network has been suggested to contro

In this paper waste natural material (date seed) and polymer particles(UF) were used for investigation of  removal dye of the potassium permanganate. Also study effect some variables such as pH, dye concentration and adsorbent concentration on dye removal. 15 experimental runs were done using  the itemized conditions designed established on the Box-Wilson design employed to optimize dye removal. The optimum conditions for the dye removal were found: (pH) 12, (dye con.) 2.38 ppm, (adsorbant con.) 0.0816 gm for date seed with 95.22% removal and for UF (pH) 12, (dye con.) 18 ppm, (adsorbant con.) 0.2235 gm with 91.43%. The value of R-square was 85.47%  for Date seed  and (88.77%) for UF.

In this work, the adsorption of reactive yellow dye (Remazol yellow FG dye) by granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated using batch and continuous process. The batch process involved determination the equilibrium isotherm curve either favorable or unfavorable by estimation relation between adsorption capacity and concentration of dye at different dosage of activated carbon. The results were fitted with equilibrium isotherm models Langmuir and Freundlich models with R2value (>0.97). Batch Kinetic study showed good fitting with pseudo second order model with R2 (0.987) at contact time 5 h. which provesthat the adsorption is chemisorptions nature. Continuous study was done by fixed bed column where breakthrough time was increased

Single phase capacitor-run induction motors (IMs) are used in various applications such as home appliances and machine tools; they are affected by the sags or swells and any fault that can lead to disturb the supply and make it produce rms voltage below or above the rated motor voltage, which is 220V. A control system is designed to regulate the output voltage of the converter irrespective to the variation of the load and within a specific range of supply voltage variation. The steady-state equivalent circuit of the Buck-Boost chopper type AC voltage regulator, as well as the analysis of this circuit are presented in this paper. Switching device for the regulator is an IGBT Module. The proposed chopper uses pulse width modulation (PWM) c

In this work, the effect of ceramic coating on performance, exhaust gas temperature and gases emissions of diesel engine operated on diesel fuel and biodiesel blends was investigated. A conventional four stroke, direct injected, single cylinder, diesel engine was tested at constant speed and at different load conditions using diesel fuel and biodiesel blends. The inlet and exhaust valves, the head of piston and cylinder head of the engine were coated by ceramic materials. Ceramic layers were made of (210-240) μm of Al2O3 and (30-60) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a bond coat for inlet and exhaust valves and (350-400) μm of YSZ and (50-100) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a bond coat for head of piston and (280-320) μm of Sic and (40-80) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a b

Electrochemical decolorization of direct black textile dye was studied in the presence of sodium
hydroxide (NaCl). Electrochemical cell occupy about 1 liter of working electrolyte supplied with graphite
electrodes for both anode and cathode was constructed for this purpose. Decolorization percent, treatment time, power consumption, and pH were studied as a function of the applied voltage and salt concentration. Results show that decolorization increase with increasing salt concentration and applied voltage. Best decolorization of 86% can be achieved after 17 min at 7 volt and 5 g/l salt concentration. Further decolorization can be achieved but this will be accompanied with a sharp increase in power consumption. No significant decre

Shatt Al-Arab River in Al Basrah, Iraq, has recently recorded massive levels of TDS values (Total Dissolved Solids) in the water as a result of reduced fresh water discharge from sources, causing the river to become salinized due to salt wedge intrusion. Therefore, a block dam in the south reach is required to salt intrusion prevention. The main objective of this research is to simulate the hydraulic impact of a suggested barrage in Ras Al Besha on the Shatt Al-Arab River. The HEC-RAS (5.0.7) model was used to develop a one-dimensional unsteady model to gaining an understanding of the proposed barrage's influence on river behaviour. The daily discharges of the Tigris River provided as the upstream boundary conditions, wh

Solar radiation is one of the renewable energy resource that can be used in different fields such as heating, cooling & lighting to employ the double use of passive and active systems' that integrate with the ideal mass grouping, direction,layout & design of building form and its envelope correctly, by the integration ofthese tools and trends with each others in away that insures energy conservation andlessen the use of fossil fuel in buildings to achieve environmental balancing.In order to explain the point of view for the process of environmental design &sustainable building that include (planning & mass grouping) to work as integrated
system to design efficient energy buildings where the site and setting, planninge

Thermal pollution occurs when heated wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes, oceans, or other water bodies. This will raise the temperature of the water body above its normal level and, consequently, will harm the aquatic live.
Thermal Pollution problems will intensify as electricity usage increases unless substantial changes are made in the mode of discharge of the heated water. This paper is aimed to study the effects of heated water released from South-Baghdad Power Station on the water quality of Tigris River. Many parameters are test such as: Temperature (T), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Hydrogen Ion (pH) and the dissolved oxygen (DO). Other parameters are tested t

An experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of flow separation on the performance of a cascade NACA 65_(12)10 axial compressor blade has been carried out. The experimental work includes the fabrication of three blades from wood, each having a chord (100mm) but one of these blades having a span of (90mm) for smoke tunnel testing and the other two blades having a span of (380mm) for wind tunnel testing. The two blades were connected by suitable mechanism in order to be fixed in the wind tunnel protractor and rotated in the required stagger angle. The cascade was tested in an open type low-speed subsonic (Mach number-0.117) wind tunnel, for Reynolds number (Re-239605) based on maximum velocity (35 m/s) and airfoil chord leng