This paper demonstrates the construction designing analysis and control strategies for fully tracking concentrated solar thermal by using programmable logic control in the city of Erbil-Iraq. This work used the parabolic dish as a concentrated solar thermal. At the focal point, the collected form of energy is used for heating a (water) in the receiver, analyzing this prototype in real-time with two different shapes of the receiver and comparing the results. For tracking the parabolic dish, four light-dependent resistors are used to detect the sun's position in the sky so that the tracking system follows it to make the beam radiation perpendicular to the collector surface all of the time during the day for maximum solar p

In this study, a 3 mm thickness 7075-T6 aluminium alloy sheet was used in the friction stir welding process. Using the design of experiment to reduce the number of experiments and to obtain the optimum friction stir welding parameters by utilizing Taguchi technique based on the ultimate tensile test results. Orthogonal array of L9 (3³) was used based on three numbers of the parameters and three levels for each parameter, where shoulder-workpiece interference depth (0.20, 0.25, and 0.3) mm, pin geometry (cylindrical thread flat end, cylindrical thread with 3 flat round end, cylindrical thread round end), and thread pitch (0.8, 1, and 1.2) mm) this technique executed by Minitab 17 software. The results showed th

In this work a study and calculation of the normal approach between two bodies,
spherical and rough flat surface, had been conducted by the aid of image processing
technique. Four kinds of metals of different work hardening index had been used as a
surface specimens and by capturing images of resolution of 0.006565 mm/pixel a good estimate of the normal approach may be obtained the compression tests had been done in strength of material laboratory in mechanical engineering department, a Monsanto tensometer had been used to conduct the indentation tests. A light section measuring equipment microscope BK 70x50 was used to calculate the surface parameters of the texture profile like standard deviation of asperity peak heights

De-waxing of lubricating oil distillate (400-500 ºC) by using urea was investigated in the
present study. Lubricating oil distillate produced by vacuum distillation and refined by furfural
extraction was taken from Al-Daura refinery. This oil distillate has a pour point of 34 ºC. Two solvents
were used to dilute the oil distillate, these are methyl isobutyl ketone and methylene chloride. The
operating conditions of the urea adduct formation with n-paraffins in the presence of methyl isobutyl
ketone were studied in details, these are solvent to oil volume ratio within the range of 0 to 2, mixer
speed 0 to 2000 rpm, urea to wax weight ratio 0 to 6.3, time of adduction 0 to 71 min and temperature
30-70 ºC). Pour poin

This research aimed to develop a simulation traffic model for an urban street with heterogeneous traffic capable of analyzing different types of vehicles of static and dynamic characteristics based on trajectory analysis that demonstrated psychophysical driver behavior. The base developed model for urban traffic was performed based on the collected field data for the major urban street in Baghdad city. The parameter; CC1 minimum headway (represented the speed-dependent of the safety distance from stop line that the driver desired) justified in the range from (2.86sec) to (2.17 sec) indicated a good match to reflect the actual traffic behavior for urban traffic streets. A good indication of the convergence between simulat

Buzurgan oil Field which is located in south of Iraq has been producing oil for five decades that caused production to drop in many oil wells. This paper provides a technical and economical comparison between the ESP and gas lift in one oil well (Bu-16) to help enhancing production and maximize revenue. Prosper software was used to build, match and design the artificial lift method for the selected well, also to predict the well behavior at different water cut values and its effect on artificial lift method efficiency. The validity of software model was confirmed by matching, where the error difference value between actual and calculated data was (-1.77%).

The ESP results showed the durability of ESP regarding th

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One of the primary functions of the DC motor is exemplified in its utilization for the automated operation of irrigation gates, which involves a variety of DC motor models. The  DC motor chosen was influenced by the particular operational requirements of the irrigation gate. The ability to support the massive weight of the gate as well as the extreme pressure produced by river water currents are among these requirements. The gate motor utilized functions at a sluggish pace of 20 revolutions per minute. The approach employed involves tuning utilizing the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method. The (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) PID controller is designed to precisely manage a DC motor's position, improving the motor's overall p

A boundary element numerical algorithm has been developed for the determination of stresses and
deformations around cavities and tunnels. A study of the influence of depth below the ground
surface on the distribution of stresses and deformations around cavities and tunnels is presented in
this paper. The soil is assumed to behave linearly elastic.
A computer program has been built to perform the numerical computations. The results show that
with increasing the depth of placement of tunnel or opening below the ground surface, the settlements decrease. The maximum stresses occur at the haunches of the tunnel rather than at the crown. For the circular cavity that is considered in this paper, it was found that with increasing

Numerical analysis of the cooling process of hot water discharge from a steam power plant into a river has been carried out in the present study. A mathematical model describing the flow field and temperature distribution induced in the river as a result of the cooling process is made based upon the assumptions of steady state, two-dimensional, turbulent flow, in the horizontal plane. The governing equations are the continuity, the momentum, the (К-ε) turbulence model and the energy equation. A proper initial and boundary condition are specified to be used in the solution of the governing equations. A numerical solution of the governing equations is made by using the control volume approach, with non-staggered grid technique and modifi

Scrap metal export is currently one of the few thriving industries in Iraq. Looters and legitimate operators are together effectively demolishing many of the old industrial facilities in order to retrieve the metal contained in buildings, processes and storage equipments and vehicles. The mixing of civilian and military scrapping operations such as that occurring at Ouireej is exacerbating the problem. The situation is particularly difficult for Iraq, given the rapid growth of the scrap industry and the lack of security. In view of the current difficulties, the focus was on practical short to medium term improvements such as controlling access to sites, land use zoning, licensing and export controls. The wholesale reform of the scrap met

Regression analysis models are adopted by using SPSS program to predict the 28-day compressive strength as dependent variable and the accelerated compressive strength as independent variable. Three accelerated curing method was adopted, warm water (35ºC) and autogenous according to ASTM C C684-99 and the British method (55ºC) according to BS1881: Part 112:1983. The experimental concrete mix design was according to ACI 211.1. Twenty eight concrete mixes with slump rang (25-50) mm and (75-100)mm for rounded and crushed coarse aggregate with cement content (585, 512, 455, 410, 372 and 341)Kg/m³.

      The experimental results showed that the acc

The rotor dynamics generally deals with vibration of rotating structures. For designing rotors of a high speeds, basically its important to take into account the rotor dynamics characteristics. The modeling features for rotor and bearings support flexibility are described in this paper, by taking these characteristics of rotor dynamics features into standard Finite Element Approach (FEA) model. Transient and harmonic analysis procedures have been found by ANSYS, the idea has been presented to deal with critical speed calculation. This papers shows how elements BEAM188 and COMBI214 are used to represent the shaft and bearings, the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of journal bearings as a matrices have been found

The constructed building in the urban area is subject to wind characteristics due to the influence of surrounding buildings. The residential complexes currently being built in Iraq represent a case study for the subject of this research. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the interference effect because of adjacent buildings effects on the mid-rise building. The speed and pressure of the wind have been numerically simulated as well as wind load has been simulated by using a virtual wind tunnel which is available in Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis, RSA, software. Two identical adjacent buildings have been simulated and many coefficients were included in this study such as the spacing, directionality,

Roof in the Iraqi houses normally flattening by a concrete panel. This concrete panel has poor thermal properties. The usage of materials with low thermal conductivity and high specific heat gives a good improvements to the thermal properties of the concrete panel, thus, the indoor room temperature improves. A Mathcad program based on a mathematical model employing complex Fourier series built for a single room building. The model input data are the ambient temperature, solar radiation, and sol-air temperature, which have been treated as a periodic function of time. While, the room construction is constant due to their materials made of it, except the roof properties are taken as a variable generated practically from the

Five formulations of fuel-rich propellant consisting hydroxy-terminated poly-butadiene (HTPB) based polymer, ammonium perchlorate (AP) and magnesium (Mg) or aluminum (Al) as additive have been processed and investigated. Theoretical calculations of flame temperature and gas composition were determined by NASA-273 computer code. The sustained ignition/ combustion of such propellant is possible with long duration pyrotechnic igniters. The experimental investigations of the effect of solid particle size range and content on fuel ballistic and mechanical properties have revealed that a considerable enhancement may be obtained with fine particle size and high content percent. High air-to-fuel ratio increases the combustion efficiency in the r

This paper describes a numerical study of natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics inside a cavity with wavy vertical walls. The bottom wall is heated by spatially varying temperature and other three walls are kept at cooled temperature. Governing equation was discretized using the finite volume-method with staggered variables arrangement in curvilinear coordinates. Two geometrical configurations were used in this study for symmetrical and unsymmetrical wavy vertical walls (total of 132 cases) for range of Ra=100 to 106 and fixed Prandtl number (0.71). The effects of the wave geometry, wave amplitude, number of undulation, and Rayliegh number on flow behavior, thermal field, local Nusselt number and Nusselt number

The hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers have great effect on the fluid flow and heat transfer between rotating turbine blade. In the present work, the flow and heat transfer is analyzed numerically by solving two dimensional incompressible boundary layer equations. A ( k – ε ) turbulence modeling is used to obtain the eddy viscosity. The finite volume method is introduced to carryout all computational solution with staggered grid arrangement. Due to complex physical domain the original coordinate system is transferred to non orthogonal coordinate system. The calculation of present work done for rotating two dimensional turbine cascade with different rotating speeds (1500 rad/s, 1800 rad/s, 1900 rad/s), and for different Reynolds

Three revolutions characterize the age of information: Information Revolution,Technology Revolution and Media Revolution. These revolutions developed and interacted with each other in an amazing way. Way to an extent that it becomes a title to our
contemporary architecture. These revolutions changed people‟s thoughts, behaviors, and traditions. The effect of technology on the urban structure generally and the urban space specifically changed the physical structure of these spaces as a necessary result to the change of intellectual structure in community. The information revolution changed a lot of the common urban space„s characteristics and concepts as well as an extreme change in concepts related to the space.
The new though

The verse (35) in SURA (AL- Nur) in the HOLY QURAN has inspired the author to look into the possibility of using Olive Oil as active dye laser material. Olive Oil which is classified as organic compound, having a good properties candidate it to be used as active dye laser material. The emission spectrum diagrams at some of absorption peaks (414, 536, 632 and 670) nm will be measured. These diagrams have been used to determine the Fluorescence quantum yield, Oscillator strength, Einstein coefficients for the spontaneous emission, Radiative and Fluorescence lifetime and absorption and cross sections. It has been found that fluorescence occurs at 669 nm for the entire absorption spectrum. Fluorescence of Olive Oil has been experimented usin

SIFCON is characterized as a construction material of high ductility and very high strength. It is suitable for concrete structures used for special applications. However, the density of SIFCON is much higher than that of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) due to the need for a large amount of high-density steel fibers. This work examines the split tensile behavior of modified weight slurry infiltrated fiber concrete utilizing a mixture of two types of fibers, steel fiber, and polyolefin fiber. For the investigation, 30 cylinders and 15 cubes were poured. The used volume fraction (V.F) is (6 %) and the use of five series once as each type separately and once a hybrid in proportions of 2/3 polyolefin with 1/3 steel fiber and

Exposure to cryogenic liquids can significantly impact the petrophysical properties of rock, affecting its density, porosity, permeability, and elastic properties. These effects can have important implications for various applications, including oil and gas production and carbon sequestration. Cryogenic liquid fracturing is a promising alternative to traditional hydraulic fracturing for exploiting unconventional oil and gas resources and geothermal energy. This technology offers several advantages over traditional hydraulic fracturing, including reduced water consumption, reduced formation damage, and a reduced risk of flow-back fluid contamination. In this study, an updated review of recent studies demonstrates how the

In this research, geopolymer mortar had to be designed with 50% to 50% slag and fly ash with and without 1% micro steel fiber at curing temperature of 240℃. The molarity of alkaline solution adjusted with 12 molar sodium hydroxid to sodium silicate was 2 to 1, reaspectivly. The heat of curing increased the geopolymerization proceses of geoplymer mortar, which led to increasing strength, giving the best result and early curing age. The heat was applied for two days by four hours each day. It was discovered in the impact test that the value first crack of each mix was somewhat similar, but the failure increased 72%  for the mixture that did not contain fiber. For the energy observation results it was shown that the mixt

Today, the architecture field is witnessing a noticeable evolution regarding the used tools that the designer should invest in a peculiar way that is made available in architecture through the concept of synergy generally and algorithmic synergy specifically. The synergy is meant to study and analyze the cooperative behavior of complex systems and self-organizing systems that leads to different outputs referred to by the synergy as the (whole), which is bigger than the sum of parts and in architecture, it's translated as the architectural form. This point resulted in a need of a specific study regarding the concept of synergy that focuses on the cooperative, synergistic relations within the trilogy of (form, structure, and material) and

Although renewable energy systems have become an interesting global issue, it is not continuous either daily or seasonally. Latent heat energy storage (LHES) is one of the suitable solutions for this problem. LHES becomes a basic element in renewable energy systems. LHES compensate for the energy lack when these systems are at low production conditions. The present work considered a shell and tube LHES for numerical investigation of the tube rotation influence on the melting process. The simulation and calculations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent software. Paraffin wax represents the phase change material (PCM) in this work, while water was selected to be the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The calculations were carried o

Analyzing sentiment and emotions in Arabic texts on social networking sites has gained wide interest from researchers. It has been an active research topic in recent years due to its importance in analyzing reviewers' opinions. The Iraqi dialect is one of the Arabic dialects used in social networking sites, characterized by its complexity and, therefore, the difficulty of analyzing sentiment. This work presents a hybrid deep learning model consisting of a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and the Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) to analyze sentiment and emotions in Iraqi texts. Three Iraqi datasets (Iraqi Arab Emotions Data Set (IAEDS), Annotated Corpus of Mesopotamian-Iraqi Dialect (ACMID), and Iraqi Arabic Dataset (IAD)) col

This thesis deals with design and implementation of PC based control unit for testing systems. The design of the system involves mainly the hardware circuits, and software. The tester carries out the following types of test Analog circuit test, Digital I.C. test, Incircuit test, and functional test. The system designed and implemented, the implemented system hardware was built around two parallel ports. The hardware includes four buffers used as I\O channels addressed as Analog input (A\I), Analog output (A\O), Digital input (D\I), and Digital output (D\O). The system also includes Analog to digital converter, Digital to analog converter, and resistor testing circuit. The data to processed can be in digital or in an analog form. In the

Gypseous Soils are distributed in many regions in the world including Iraq, which cover about
(31.7%) of the surface area of the country. Existence of these soils, some times with high gypsum
content, caused difficult problems to the buildings and strategic projects due to dissolution and
leaching of the gypsum slates by the action of water flow through the soil mass.
In this study the effect of treatment with Dihydrate Calcium Chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) as water
solution on compaction, compressibility, leaching, permeability and shear strength characteristics of
Gypseous soil is investigated. It is found that the maximum dry unit weight increases while optimum moisture content decreases with the increase in the concentratio

For a multicomponent competitive adsorption of furfural and phenolic compounds, a mathematical model was built to describe the mass transfer kinetics in a fixed bed column with
activated carbon. The effects of competitive adsorption equilibrium constant, axial dispersion, external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion resistance on the breakthrough curve were studied for weakly adsorbed compound (furfural) and strongly compounds (parachlorophenol and phenol). Experiments were carried out to remove the furfural and phenolic compound from aqueous solution. The equilibrium data and intraparticle diffusion coefficients obtained from separate experiments in a batch absorber, by fitting the experimental data with theoretical model. T

To achieve sustainability, use waste materials to make concrete to use alternative components and reduce the production of Portland cement. Lime cement was used instead of Portland cement, and 15% of the cement's weight was replaced with silica fume. Also used were eco-friendly fibers (copper fiber) made from recycled electrical. This work examines the impact of utilizing sustainable copper fiber with different aspect ratios (l/d) on some mechanical properties of high-strength green concrete. A high-strength cement mixture with a compressive strength of 65 MPa in line with ACI 211.4R was required to complete the assignment. Copper fibers of 1% by volume of concrete were employed in mixes with four different aspect ratios